Late presentation of canine nasal tumours in aUKreferral hospital and treatment outcomes

Abstract

Objectives To determine the computed tomographic stage of dogs with nasal tumours in a UK referral population, and whether stage, time to referral and treatment correlates with outcome. Methods Retrospective review of clinical records and computed tomography scans of dogs with nasal tumours. Results Dogs (n=78) presented to a referral practice in the UK with suspected nasal tumours are presented with more late stage tumours than dogs in the USA and Japan. Length of time from initial presentation to referral did not correlate with tumour stage at diagnosis. Median survival times for radiotherapy‐treated dogs in this population are equivalent to those previously reported for late stage nasal tumours. Clinical Significance Dogs with nasal tumours are presented late in the course of disease in the North West of England. Dogs with clinical signs consistent with a nasal tumour should have timely imaging and biopsy, in order to make prompt treatment decisions. Although survival times are comparable with previous reports and radiotherapy is a valid treatment option for dogs with late stage disease, better outcomes are likely to be achievable with earlier treatment.

Diagnostic accuracy of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography for assessment of mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in dogs with oral and nasal cancer

“…An ideal test would help minimize surgical morbidity while ensuring appropriate intervention for patients at higher risk of metastasis. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) is commonly used in loco‐regional staging of human patients with tumours of the head and neck although it has, as yet, not been directly evaluated in a cohort of dogs with direct comparison of lymph node imaging findings with histopathologic evaluation . Contrast‐enhanced CT for detection of cervical metastasis resulted in a change in tumour stage compared with physical examination in 54% of human patients, including a change in nodal stage in 36% of patients .…”

“…Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is commonly used in loco-regional staging of human patients with tumours of the head and neck although it has, as yet, not been directly evaluated in a cohort of dogs with direct comparison of lymph node imaging findings with histopathologic evaluation. 6,[13][14][15] Contrast-enhanced CT for detection of cervical metastasis resulted in a change in tumour stage compared with physical examination in 54% of human patients, including a change in nodal stage in 36% of patients. 16 Criteria used to assess for the presence of nodal metastasis on CT in humans include peripheral enhancement/ central necrosis, heterogenous enhancement, extranodal spread with effacement of perinodal fat, and increased size, with varying figures reported as cut-off values for lymph node size in human patients.…”

Patterns of lymph node metastasis identified following bilateral mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy in 31 dogs with malignancies of the head

“…Previous studies have typically focused on ipsilateral lymph centres, with bilateral lymph node assessment only performed in dogs without lateralised disease; this may not be sufficient in all cases. Cytological and surgical assessments of regional lymph nodes may often only involve the ipsilateral mandibular lymph node, and are frequently not performed at all . Although the mandibular lymph centre drains a large area of the head and is easily accessible for aspiration, it is possible that evaluation of only the ipsilateral mandibular lymph node may not provide a complete assessment of the lymph nodes affected.…”

Dog and mouse: toward a balanced view of the mammalian olfactory system

“…Physiologically, attention has recently focused on nasal airflow patterns (Craven et al, 2007, 2010). Clinically, the presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors is a major current concern (McEntee, 2004; Turek and Lana, 2012; Mason et al, 2013), but the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity has also attracted clinical interest because of its unique maintenance of a population of basal cells supporting the continual regeneration of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) (Graziadei and Monti-Graziadei, 1979); the intraspinal implantation of cells derived from autologous olfactory mucosa cultures has in fact recently been successful in ameliorating the effects of spinal cord injuries in companion dogs (Granger et al, 2012). …”