Late Paleozoic glacial episodes in Gondwanaland reflected in transgressive-regressive depositional sequences in Euramerica

Depositional environments of the lower Permian Dwyka diamictite and Prince Albert shale inferred from the geochemistry of early diagenetic concretions, southwest Karoo Basin, South Africa

“…1 and 2). Glacial sedimentation dominated from the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian (Bangert et al, 1999;Veevers and Powell, 1987;Visser, 1989Visser, , 1990Visser, , 1993. Visser (1986) divided the Dwyka Group into two facies: a valleyhighland facies that consists of a heterolithic sequence of variable thickness, found along the northern margin of the Karoo Basin and in the Kalahari Basin in Namibia; and a shelf facies that consists of massive and stratified diamictites with distantly derived clasts and a more uniform thickness, found in the western and southern Karoo Basin.…”

Stratigraphic signature of the late Palaeozoic Ice Age in the Parmeener Supergroup of Tasmania, SE Australia, and inter-regional comparisons

“…Until recently, the late Palaeozoic Ice Age was thought to have been a single, protracted Icehouse interval some 60-70 million years in duration, with some waxing and waning of ice centers across Gondwana (Veevers & Powell, 1987;Crowell, 1999). Increasingly, however, this view is being supplanted by the concept of a multi-phase Ice Age characterized by several, shorter (1-10 m.y.)…”

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Volume 87, Number 8, 21 February 2006

“…Coal-bearing, low-latitude 'cyclothems' of late Paleozoic age preserved in Europe and North America have long been attributed to the waxing and waning of Gondwanan glaciers [Wanless and Shepard, 1936;Veevers and Powell, 1987]. Estimates of sea level change based on lithology and fossil variations in cyclothems have been used to suggest world-wide sea level changes of 100 meters or more, implying the presence of an immense, long-lived ice sheet that covered much of southern Gondwana.…”