Late Mesozoic magmatism in Svalbard: A review

Senger, Kim; Tveranger, Jan; Ogata, Kei; Braathen, Alvar; Planke, Sverre

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.09.002

Cited by 99 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…More information about the age and duration of the magmatism can be provided by the better accessible Cretaceous igneous rocks from coastal areas around the Arctic Ocean, which together with the submarine Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge are interpreted to be part of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP; Tarduno et al, 1998;Maher, 2001;Drachev & Saunders, 2006). The HALIP includes continental flood basalts, mafic dykes and sills emplaced at the Barents Shelf region, De Long Islands, North Greenland, and the Canadian Queen Elizabeth Islands between c. 130 and 80 Ma (recently summarised by Buchan & Ernst, 2006;Nejbert et al, 2011;Tegner et al, 2011;Senger et al, 2014;Polteau et al, 2016;Thórarinsson et al, 2015). Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene, alkaline, mafic to felsic suites are known in North Greenland and in the Canadian Arctic (e.g., Dawes & Soper, 1970;Batten et al, 1981, Brown et al, 1987Embry & Osadetz, 1988;Estrada et al, 2010).…”

Section: Geological Overview Of the Northeast Canadian Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistage Cretaceous magmatism in the northern coastal region of Ellesmere Island and its relation to the formation of Alpha Ridge – evidence from aeromagnetic, geochemical and geochronological data

Estrada¹,

Damaske²,

Henjes‐Kunst³

et al. 2016

NJG

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The poorly studied Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge of the Amerasia Basin of the Arctic Ocean is covered by a large magnetic high and interpreted to be part of the Cretaceous High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). At the north coast of Ellesmere Island, in the Yelverton Bay area, this characteristic magnetic high overlaps the shelf and the coastal area. Results of aeromagnetic surveys, geological fieldwork, geochronological, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotope analysis were combined to study the tectonic history of this part of the Canadian Polar margin. The basement, consisting of metamorphic rocks of the Pearya Terrane, was strongly affected by HALIP-related magmatism that is responsible for characteristic positive magnetic anomaly patterns. A broad magnetic high that can be traced to the Alpha Ridge covers the shelf and coastal areas of Yelverton Bay. It is caused by a voluminous intrusion into the continental crust at a depth of ca. 6-15 km. A chain of small positive magnetic anomalies crosses Wootton Peninsula from SW to NE and then curves into a NNE-SSW trend. It follows the coastline onshore and offshore and superimposes the southern and eastern margins of the broad magnetic high. On land, the anomaly chain covers fault-bounded outcrops of the Wootton Intrusive Complex (WIC) and the Hansen Point Volcanic Complex (HPVC), indicating that the entire anomaly chain is associated with a volcanogenic sequence. Rhyodacite that forms large parts of the HPVC east and west of Yelverton Bay extruded between c. 104 and 97 Ma (LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages). It originates from a tholeiitc suite and is probably genetically related to the deep intrusion. The HPVC together with the rhyodacite has an age range of c. 104-74 Ma and includes the mildly alkaline WIC (93-92 Ma). The northern coast of Ellesmere Island shows some characteristic features of a magma-rich rifted margin indicating an extensional evolution parallel to the North American margin between the openings of the Canada Basin and the Eurasian Basin.

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Section: Geological Overview Of the Northeast Canadian Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistage Cretaceous magmatism in the northern coastal region of Ellesmere Island and its relation to the formation of Alpha Ridge – evidence from aeromagnetic, geochemical and geochronological data

Estrada¹,

Damaske²,

Henjes‐Kunst³

et al. 2016

NJG

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“…The CircumArctic landmasses of Canada, Norway and western Giant mafic dyke swarms are a major constituent of HALIP, largely in Canada but significant tabular intrusions also exist on Svalbard (Nejbert et al, 2011;Senger et al, 2014) and Franz Josef Land (Bailey & Brooks, 1988 and references therein; Amundsen et al, 1998). In the Canadian Arctic islands, the Queen Elizabeth Islands dyke swarm is a radiating swarm of ~500 km in maximum length that strikes in a radiating pattern towards a focus situated just off the northern coast of Ellesmere Island (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The High Arctic LIP in Canada: Trace element and Sm–Nd isotopic evidence for the role of mantle heterogeneity and crustal assimilation

Kingsbury¹,

Ernst²,

Cousens³

et al. 2016

NJG

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The Cretaceous geological evolution of the Canadian Arctic was marked by voluminous magmatism comprising Canada's portion of the High Arctic large igneous province (HALIP) that is thought to have resulted from a mantle plume head. This magmatism is largely recorded as extensive Early Cretaceous lavas of the Isachsen Formation, Late Cretaceous continental flood basalts of the Strand Fiord Formation, and an extensive network of dykes and sills forming their plumbing systems. Axel Heiberg Island near South Fiord contains a small, structurally complex portion of the overall network of HALIP tabular intrusions, from which samples from the South Fiord intrusions and Isachsen Formation basaltic lavas were analysed to better understand their petrogenesis. Specifically, we apply trace-element ratios together with Sm-Nd isotope systematics in order to identify processes that shaped the chemical evolution of the South Fiord intrusions and Isachsen Formation lavas, to identify (1) mantle source chemistries and (2) the role of crustal assimilation. On the basis of Sm-Nd isotopic results, South Fiord intrusion magmas were derived from a homogeneous mantle source whereas a more heterogeneous source is invoked for the Isachsen Formation lavas. Furthermore, modelling with Th/ La, Nb/U, Ba/Th and Ba/Nb suggests that South Fiord intrusive magmatism was contaminated by sedimentary rocks from the Sverdrup Basin. Conversely, a trend towards high Ba/Th in Isachsen Formation lavas suggests a subducted sediment component derived from extinct subduction zones. We surmise that (1) South Fiord intrusive rocks are geochemically distinct from the Isachsen Formation lavas and (2) the HALIP mantle plume head intersected and incorporated sediments from ancestral subduction zones to the present-day Aleutian and Alaska subduction zones to produce the Isachsen Formation flows, whereas the South Fiord intrusions (and correlated Strand Fiord magmatism) were generated from plume material that interacted with upper crustal sedimentary rocks.

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“…In contrast, the Triassic -Lower Cretaceous basin fill in Svalbard and the western platform areas were deposited in a subsiding epicontinental sag basin (Steel & Worsley 1984;Faleide et al 2008;Worsley 2008;Midtkandal & Nystuen 2009;Glørstad-Clark et al 2010). Although these areas experienced no major extensional or compression tectonics, the deposition of the Mesozoic basin fill was controlled by faulting, halokenesis in some basins, volcanism, and the vertical movement and tilting of major structural elements (Steel & Worsley 1984;Grogan et al 1999Grogan et al , 2000Glørstad-Clark et al 2010;Anell et al 2014;Senger et al 2014).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…forced regression: Gjelberg & Steel 1995) of the SE-directed fluviodeltaic Helvetiafjellet Formation above the distal clastic deposits of the Rurikfjellet Formation is an obvious response to uplift in the north (Steel & Worsley 1984;Gjelberg & Steel 1995;Midtkandal & Nystuen 2009). The presence of bentonites, a change from mature quartz arenites to the sudden appearance of lithic or arkosic arenites, interbedded lava flows and emplacement of intrusive basalts (Edwards 1979;Maher et al 2004;Corfu et al 2013;Senger et al 2014) reflect volcanism during deposition of the Helvetiafjellet Formation. Data from Svalbard and the northern Barents Sea, including Franz Josef Land, suggest short-lived volcanism around the Barremian-Aptian transition (Corfu et al 2013).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The theropod that wasn't: an ornithopod tracksite from the Helvetiafjellet Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Boltodden, Svalbard

Hurum

Druckenmiller

Hammer

et al. 2016

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Abstract:We re-examine a Lower Cretaceous dinosaur tracksite at Boltodden in the Kvalvågen area, on the east coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The tracks are preserved in the Helvetiafjellet Formation (Barremian). A sedimentological characterization of the site indicates that the tracks formed on a beach/margin of a lake or interdistributary bay, and were preserved by flooding. In addition to the two imprints already known from the site, we describe at least 34 additional, previously unrecognized pes and manus prints, including one trackway. Two pes morphotypes and one manus morphotype are recognized. Given the range of morphological variation and the presence of manus tracks, we reinterpret all the prints as being from an ornithopod rather than a theropod, as previously described. We assign the smaller (morphotype A, pes; morphotype B, manus) to Caririchnium billsarjeanti. The larger (morphotype C, pes) track is assigned to Caririchnium sp., differing in size and interdigital angle from the two described ichnospecies C. burreyi and C. billsarjeanti. The occurrence of a quadrupedal, small to medium-sized ornithopod in Svalbard is puzzling, considering the current palaeogeographical reconstructions and that such dinosaur tracks have mainly been described from Europe but not North America.Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license.

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Late Mesozoic magmatism in Svalbard: A review

Cited by 99 publications

References 137 publications

Multistage Cretaceous magmatism in the northern coastal region of Ellesmere Island and its relation to the formation of Alpha Ridge – evidence from aeromagnetic, geochemical and geochronological data

Multistage Cretaceous magmatism in the northern coastal region of Ellesmere Island and its relation to the formation of Alpha Ridge – evidence from aeromagnetic, geochemical and geochronological data

The High Arctic LIP in Canada: Trace element and Sm–Nd isotopic evidence for the role of mantle heterogeneity and crustal assimilation

The theropod that wasn't: an ornithopod tracksite from the Helvetiafjellet Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Boltodden, Svalbard

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