Late Mesozoic carbonatite provinces in Central Asia: Their compositions, sources and genetic settings

Никифоров, А. В.; Yarmolyuk, V. V.

doi:10.1016/j.gr.2018.11.014

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This event was associated with a transition from subductionrelated, through post-collisional to extensional magmatism (Wang et al, 2015). Numerous alkaline-carbonatite complexes were formed at this time (Nikiforov and Yarmolyuk, 2019), of which the most important are those in southern Mongolia, including the Mushghai Khudag, Bayan Khoshuu and Ulgii Khiid complexes, all of which are REE-enriched (Nikolenko et al, 2020(Nikolenko et al, , 2018Baatar et al, 2013). These complexes have commonly been described as rift-related, but several features, including enrichment in Ba, Sr, F, K and the LREE, are consistent with derivation from a mantle source that has been affected by subduction (Feng et al, 2020;Nikolenko et al, 2020).…”

Section: Mesozoicmentioning

confidence: 96%

Carbonatites and Alkaline Igneous Rocks in Post-Collisional Settings: Storehouses of Rare Earth Elements

et al. 2021

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The rare earth elements (REE) are critical raw materials for much of modern technology, particularly renewable energy infrastructure and electric vehicles that are vital for the energy transition. Many of the world’s largest REE deposits occur in alkaline rocks and carbonatites, which are found in intracontinental, rift-related settings, and also in syn- to post-collisional settings. Post-collisional settings host significant REE deposits, such as those of the Mianning-Dechang belt in China. This paper reviews REE mineralisation in syn- to post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes worldwide, in order to demonstrate some of the key physical and chemical features of these deposits. We use three examples, in Scotland, Namibia, and Turkey, to illustrate the structure of these systems. We review published geochemical data and use these to build up a broad model for the REE mineral system in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes. It is evident that immiscibility of carbonate-rich magmas and fluids plays an important part in generating mineralisation in these settings, with REE, Ba and F partitioning into the carbonate-rich phase. The most significant REE mineralisation in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes occurs in shallow-level, carbothermal or carbonatite intrusions, but deeper carbonatite bodies and associated alteration zones may also have REE enrichment.

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Section: Mesozoicmentioning

confidence: 96%

Carbonatites and Alkaline Igneous Rocks in Post-Collisional Settings: Storehouses of Rare Earth Elements

et al. 2021

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“…The origin of aillikites cover huge range of interrelated problems including subduction and fluid metasomatism [64,65,74], magmatic plume melts interaction [81], partial melting of the mantle [68], magmatic evolution, including fractionation [82] and suggesting wall rock assimilation (AFC) [83] and possible magmatic immiscibility at the mantle level [30,78] which all together determine the wide series and a rather unstable composition of the aillikite rock series.…”

Section: Problems Of Origin Of Aillikites and Ultramafic Lamprophyresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genesis of Belaya Zima aillikites in carbonatite massif and other similar massifs in Southern Siberia [6,21,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][48][49][50][51][52][53] and worldwide [1][2][3]7,8,10,12,13,[27][28][29]57,79,81,[84][85][86] are widely discussed.…”

Section: Problems Of Origin Of Aillikites and Ultramafic Lamprophyresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presence of carbonates in melt inclusions from YuP [52,[105][106][107] in olivines as well for other massifs [108] supports the first two suggestions rather than the third because olivine is not on the liquidus of carbonatites. For the alkaline carbonatite complexes there are many evidences of the action of plume melts [3,10,13,21,28,81,102,109] and melting the phlogopite metasomatized and carbonated mantle [100].…”

Section: Processes In Mantle Source For Bzm and Evolution Of Aillikitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such processes of interaction of plumes and metasomatized mantle were the reason of formation of ultramafic carbonatite complexes worldwide [1][2][3][4][5]7,8,[11][12][13][14]18,22,26,29,32,38,39,57,81,86,88,89,109] and in Siberia [4,58,59,[105][106][107]110]. An additional source can be considered the transfer of some components (LREE, LILE) by fluxes of volatiles, or melts that are saturated in volatiles [77,107,108,111].…”

Section: The Source Of the Ore Substancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Aillikites and Alkali Ultramafic Lamprophyres of the Beloziminsky Alkaline Ultrabasic-Carbonatite Massif: Possible Origin and Relations with Ore Deposits

et al. 2020

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The 650–621 Ma plume which impinged beneath the Siberian craton during the breakup of Rodinia caused the formation of several alkaline carbonatite massifs in craton margins of the Angara rift system. The Beloziminsky alkaline ultramafic carbonatite massif (BZM) in the Urik-Iya graben includes alnöites, phlogopite carbonatites and aillikites. The Yuzhnaya pipe (YuP) ~ 645 Ma and the 640–621 Ma aillikites in BZM, dated by 40Ar/39Ar, contain xenoliths of carbonated sulfide-bearing dunites, xenocrysts of olivines, Cr-diopsides, Cr-phlogopites, Cr-spinels (P ~ 4–2 GPa and T ~ 800–1250 °C) and xenocrysts of augites with elevated HFSE, U, Th. Al-augites and kaersutites fractionated from T ~ 1100–700 °C along the 90 mW/m2 geotherm. Higher T trend for Al-Ti augite, pargasites, Ti-biotites series (0.4–1.5 GPa) relate to intermediate magma chambers near the Moho and in the crust. Silicate xenocrysts show Zr-Hf, Ta-Nb peaks and correspond to carbonate-rich magma fractionation that possibly supplied the massif. Aillikites contain olivines, rare Cr-diopsides and oxides. The serpentinites are barren, fragments of ore-bearing Phl carbonatites contain perovskites, Ta-niobates, zircons, thorites, polymetallic sulphides and Ta-Mn-Nb-rich magnetites, ilmenites and Ta-Nb oxides. The aillikites are divided by bulk rock and trace elements into seven groups with varying HFSE and LILE due to different incorporation of carbonatites and related rocks. Apatites and perovskites reveal remarkably high LREE levels. Aillikites were generated by 1%–0.5% melting of the highly metasomatized mantle with ilmenite, perovskite apatite, sulfides and mica, enriched by subduction-related melts and fluids rich in LILE and HFSE. Additional silicate crystal fractionation increased the trace element concentrations. The carbonate-silicate P-bearing magmas may have produced the concentration of the ore components and HFSE in the essentially carbonatitic melts after liquid immiscibility in the final stage. The mechanical enrichment of aillikites in ore and trace element-bearing minerals was due to mixture with captured solid carbonatites after intrusion in the massif.

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Reconstructions of lithospheric mantle beneath Aldan shield based on deep-seated xenocrysts from lamprophyres of Chompolo field, Russia

et al. 2021

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Late Mesozoic carbonatite provinces in Central Asia: Their compositions, sources and genetic settings

Cited by 18 publications

References 52 publications

Carbonatites and Alkaline Igneous Rocks in Post-Collisional Settings: Storehouses of Rare Earth Elements

Carbonatites and Alkaline Igneous Rocks in Post-Collisional Settings: Storehouses of Rare Earth Elements

Aillikites and Alkali Ultramafic Lamprophyres of the Beloziminsky Alkaline Ultrabasic-Carbonatite Massif: Possible Origin and Relations with Ore Deposits

Reconstructions of lithospheric mantle beneath Aldan shield based on deep-seated xenocrysts from lamprophyres of Chompolo field, Russia

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