Late Holocene sea-level changes and isostatic crustal movements in Atlantic Canada

Gehrels, W. Roland; Milne, Glenn A.; Kirby, Jason R.; Patterson, R. Timothy; Belknap, Daniel F.

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2004.01.008

Cited by 58 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, the isostatic crustal movement ranges from −1 to −4 mm/year [22,23]. In Maria, the rate is estimated to be −1.78 mm/year) [100].…”

Section: Sea-level Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coastal Flood Assessment Based on Field Debris Measurements and Wave Runup Empirical Model

David

Bernatchez

Boucher‐Brossard

et al. 2015

JMSE

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On 6 December 2010, an extra-tropical storm reached Atlantic Canada, causing coastal flooding due to high water levels being driven toward the north shore of Chaleur Bay. The extent of flooding was identified in the field along the coastline at Maria using DGPS. Using the assumption that the maximum elevation of flooded areas represents the combination of astronomical tide, storm surge and wave runup, which is the maximum elevation reached by the breaking waves on the beach, all flood limits were identified. A flood-zone delineation was performed using GIS and LiDAR data. An empirical formula was used to estimate runup elevation during the flood event. A coastal flood map of the 6 December flood event was made using empirical data and runup calculations according to offshore wave climate simulations. Along the natural beach, results show that estimating runup based on offshore wave data and upper foreshore beach slope represents well the observed flood extent. Where a seawall occupies the beach, wave breaking occurs at the toe of the structure and wave height needs to be considered independently of runup. In both cases (artificial and natural), flood risk is underestimated if storm surge height alone is considered. There is a need to incorporate wave characteristics in order to adequately model potential flood extent. A coastal flooding projection is proposed for Pointe Verte based on total water levels estimated according to wave climate simulation return periods and relative sea-level rise for the Chaleur Bay.

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“…In the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, the isostatic crustal movement ranges from −1 to −4 mm/year [22,23]. In Maria, the rate is estimated to be −1.78 mm/year) [100].…”

Section: Sea-level Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the isostatic component (vertical land motion) is still rarely accounted for in coastal flooding assessment methods. It is evidently essential, therefore, to assess future relative sea-level rise [21], especially in areas experiencing crustal subsidence due to postglacial isostasy [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Flood Assessment Based on Field Debris Measurements and Wave Runup Empirical Model

David

Bernatchez

Boucher‐Brossard

et al. 2015

JMSE

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“…For this application, supplementing the tide-gauge data with sea-level data reconstructed from the geological record is highly beneficial. There is strong evidence that global mean sea-level rise has accelerated from a rate of centimetres per century in the past few millennia to decimetres per century in the 20 th century 42,43 , but this acceleration does not appear to have been synchronous. Highresolution sea-level records from salt marshes in the North Atlantic 44,45 and New Zealand 46 (Fig.…”

Section: The 20 Th Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed fall in sea level following the end of major melting (~7,000 yr before present; Frame b) is due to isostatic processes 52 . A growing number of high resolution records (c) detect an acceleration in sea level around 1850-1900AD [43][44][45] . In regions once covered by large ice sheets (e.g.…”

Section: The Geological Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the causes of sea-level change

et al. 2009

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PrefaceGlobal mean sea-level rise has increased from a rate of a few centimetres per century over the past few millennia to a few decimetres per century in the past few decades. This ten fold increase in rate is due to climate change and is dominated by melting of land ice and warming of ocean water. The current warming trend is expected to continue and so global mean sea level will continue to rise. In this article, we review recent advances in our understanding of past sea-level changes on decadal to millennial timescales to consider how well future changes can be constrained. The majority of studies suggest that global mean sea-level rise will most likely be less than 1 m over the 21 st century. Importantly, there will be significant departures from the global mean by several decimetres in many areas. As a consequence, future research should be targeted at better constraining the spatial variability in future changes so that high-risk areas can be identified. IntroductionWith about 200 million people living within coastal floodplains and 2 million km 2 of land and $1 trillion worth of assets lying less than 1 m above current sea level, sea-level rise is one of the major socio-economic hazards associated with global warming 1 . The expected rate is, however, extremely uncertain. While the latest IPCC report 2 suggests a range of 0.18-0.59 m of sea-level rise between 1980-1999 and 2090-2099, it emphasises that the contribution from ice dynamic changes is highly uncertain and provides three "illustrative" scenarios suggesting a possible addition of up to 0.17 m from this source. Since then, several studies 3,4 have suggested that a rise larger than 1 m cannot be ruled out. Sea-level rates of this magnitude (m per century) are not uncommon in reconstructions of past sea-level change using geological evidence and it has recently been suggested that similar rates occurred during the previous interglacial warm period 120,000 years ago 5,6 when the volume of land ice was similar to that at present.A "headline" figure of 1 m during the 21 st century represents only the global average sealevel rise. Many different physical processes contribute to sea-level change (see Box 1) and none of these produce a spatially uniform signal. Indeed, one of the few statements that can be made with certainty is that future sea-level change will not be the same everywhere. Thus, the development of regional and local estimates of future sea-level rise -required for effective risk assessment -is one of the primary challenges for the coming years 2 . Prediction relies on models, and the veracity of model output is based on verification against historical and geological data.. However, interpretation of these data requires great care in light of the large spatial and temporal variability in sea-level change. In this article we summarise recent progress in understanding the variability in a suite of sea-level related observations at timescales ranging from decades to millennia. We conclude with an estimate of our current ability to predict...

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“…Barlow et al, 2012;Gehrels et al, 2004;Kemp et al, 2011;Milne et al, 2009;van de Plassche, 2000). Driving mechanisms of sea-level changes include mass changes in landbased ice, and other processes such as steric expansion and contraction, and dynamic oceanographic processes including variations in wind stress and atmospheric pressure (Gehrels and Woodworth, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea-level changes in Iceland and the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the last half millennium

Saher

Gehrels

Barlow

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Late Holocene sea-level changes and isostatic crustal movements in Atlantic Canada

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

Coastal Flood Assessment Based on Field Debris Measurements and Wave Runup Empirical Model

Coastal Flood Assessment Based on Field Debris Measurements and Wave Runup Empirical Model

Identifying the causes of sea-level change

Sea-level changes in Iceland and the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the last half millennium

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