Late Effects of Heavy Charged Particles on the Fine Structure of the Mouse Coronary Artery

Yang, V. V.; Ainsworth, E. J.

doi:10.2307/3575821

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The risk of heart disease for ions is largely unknown because only one report (considered a pilot study by the authors of the report) has been made on the effects of HZE ions on heart disease (Yang et al, 1982), and human data for low LET radiation at low dose-rates is inconclusive on the level of risk to be expected (Howe et al, 2004;Cardis et al, 1995). CNS risks have the potential to impact both short-term and career radiation limits and mitigation approaches (NRC, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Career radiation limits and shielding requirements could also be impacted by new knowledge of fatal non-cancer risks from radiation exposure such as heart disease (Preston et al, 2003;Howe et al, 2004;Yang et al, 1982) or damage to the central nervous system (CNS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiation risks include carcinogenesis, degenerative tissue effects such as cataracts (Cucinotta et al, 2001a) or heart diseases (Preston et al, 2003, Howe et al, 2004, Yang et al, 1982, and acute radiation syndromes (NCRP, 2000). Other risks such as damage to the central nervous system (CNS) are a potential concern for the GCR heavy ions (NAS, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating shielding effectiveness for reducing space radiation cancer risks

Cucinotta

Kim

Ren³

2006

Radiation Measurements

127

116

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Abstract:We discuss calculations of probability distribution functions (PDF) representing uncertainties in projecting fatal cancer risk from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE). The PDF's are used in significance tests of the effectiveness of potential radiation shielding approaches. Uncertainties in risk coefficients determined from epidemiology data, dose and dose-rate reduction factors, quality factors, and physics models of radiation environments are considered in models of cancer risk PDF's. Competing mortality risks and functional correlations in radiation quality factor uncertainties are treated in the calculations. We show that the cancer risk uncertainty, defined as the ratio of the 95% confidence level (CL) to the point estimate is about 4-fold for lunar and Mars mission risk projections. For short-stay lunar missions (<180 d), SPE's present the most significant risk, however one that is mitigated effectively by shielding, especially for carbon composites structures with high hydrogen content. In contrast, for long duration lunar (>180 d) or Mars missions, GCR risks may exceed radiation risk limits, with 95% CL's exceeding 10% fatal risk for males and females on a Mars mission. For reducing GCR cancer risks, shielding materials are marginally effective because of the penetrating nature of GCR and secondary radiation produced in tissue by relativistic particles. At the present time, polyethylene or carbon composite shielding can not be shown to significantly reduce risk compared to aluminum shielding based on a significance test that accounts for radiobiology uncertainties in GCR risk projection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating shielding effectiveness for reducing space radiation cancer risks

Cucinotta

Kim

Ren³

2006

Radiation Measurements

127

116

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“…1976, 1978, Stearner et al . 1979, Yang and Ainsworth 1982, Stewart and Fajardo 1984, Lauk et al 1989) . However, the indirect effect of radiation on this organ has not been investigated .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Only the coronary arteries at the left ventricles were considered in this study . The methods were discussed in detail in a previous publication (Yang and Ainsworth 1982) . A total of six to nine tissue blocks from three different levels in two or three large coronary arteries were collected from each animal .…”

Section: 4 Quantitative Analysis Of Damaged Smooth Muscle Cells Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Effects in Mouse Heart after⁶⁰Co γ-irradiation of the Brain: An Ultrastructural Study

Yang

Kao

Ting

et al. 1990

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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A single dose of 8 or 20 Gy 60Co gamma-rays was given to C3H male mice at 4 months of age. Degenerative changes in the cardiac muscle due to brain irradiation were observed first at 6 months after irradiation, and became progressively more severe at 12-24 months. The changes seen at the ultrastructural level included myofibrillolysis, the presence of lysosomal-like bodies and interstitial fibrosis. Ultrastructural changes in the control cardiac muscle throughout the experimental period were monitored and only minor aging changes were noted. The coronary arteries of control mice began to show a slight amount of smooth muscle degeneration and fibrosis 1 year into the experiment. At 18 months the lesions became more severe, and at 24 months there was relatively less distinction between the control and the 20 Gy treated group. Degenerative changes in the coronary arteries were noticed at 6 months after irradiation, and became progressively more severe at later times (12-24 months). The major changes included smooth muscle degeneration with fibrosis and the accumulation of debris and extracellular matrix. At 18 months the medial smooth muscle showed severe damage, with accumulations of matrix material and debris. There was additional fibrosis in the adventitial layer. There were few additional changes at 24 months after 20 Gy irradiation. Quantitative analyses indicated that the average fractional volumes of degenerated smooth muscle cells were 13, 27 and 39% in the unirradiated group at 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively, and 13 and 29% in the sham-irradiated group at 12 and 18 months into the experiment, respectively. These percentages were 12, 32 and 49% (P less than 0.05) after 8 Gy irradiation, and 19% (P less than 0.05), 46% (P less than 0.01), and 42% after 20 Gy irradiation, respectively.

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Radiation biology

Kiefer¹,

Schenk‐Meuser²,

Kost³

1996

Biological and Medical Research in Space

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Late Effects of Heavy Charged Particles on the Fine Structure of the Mouse Coronary Artery

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluating shielding effectiveness for reducing space radiation cancer risks

Evaluating shielding effectiveness for reducing space radiation cancer risks

Late Effects in Mouse Heart after⁶⁰Co γ-irradiation of the Brain: An Ultrastructural Study

Radiation biology

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Late Effects of Heavy Charged Particles on the Fine Structure of the Mouse Coronary Artery

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluating shielding effectiveness for reducing space radiation cancer risks

Evaluating shielding effectiveness for reducing space radiation cancer risks

Late Effects in Mouse Heart after60Co γ-irradiation of the Brain: An Ultrastructural Study

Radiation biology

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Late Effects in Mouse Heart after⁶⁰Co γ-irradiation of the Brain: An Ultrastructural Study