Late Cenozoic mineralization, orogenic collapse and slab detachment in the European Alpine Belt

Boorder, H. de; Spakman, Wim; White, S. H.; Wortel, M. J. R.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(98)00247-7

Cited by 160 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The deposits of the Serbomacedonian and Rhodope metallogenic provinces were formed during the final stage of the Tertiary orogenic collapse, which led to the formation of widespread Oligocene-Miocene silicic to intermediate magmatism [7,[9][10][11]. This magmatism, considered to be part of the Cretaceous to Miocene Alpine-Balkan-Carpathian-Dinaride orogen [11], resulted from subduction and collision of the Pelagonian and Apulian microcontinents, detached from Africa in Triassic, with the European plate [12].…”

Section: Geological Overview and Various Ore Deposit Styles In Greecementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This magmatism, considered to be part of the Cretaceous to Miocene Alpine-Balkan-Carpathian-Dinaride orogen [11], resulted from subduction and collision of the Pelagonian and Apulian microcontinents, detached from Africa in Triassic, with the European plate [12]. Slab detachment and/or roll-back was the principal mechanism, which resulted in the local ascent of asthenospheric mantle into the metasomatized mantle lithosphere and to magma generation [9,13]. Magmas were intruded to shallow depths along deep seated detachment faults, forming mafic to intermediate mantle-derived plutonic, subvolcanic and volcanic rocks of calc-alkaline, high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic to ultra-potassic (lamprophyric) affinities.…”

Section: Geological Overview and Various Ore Deposit Styles In Greecementioning

confidence: 99%

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Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Aspects for Critical and Rare Metals in Greece

Melfos

Voudouris

2012

Minerals

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Abstract:The European Union (EU) is highly dependent on critical and rare metals which are very important for a sustainable development. However, European industry is not able to cover its demands from native sources and it imports commodities from third countries. Greece is one of the EU countries with the most potential for supplying these strategic metallic raw materials in the future, since it hosts a large number of ore deposits. The epithermal-and porphyry-type deposits and the reduced intrusion related systems of the Serbomacedonian and the Rhodope metallogenic provinces in Northeastern Greece are promising targets for a future exploitation and exploration in Sb, Te, Mo, Re, Ga, In, REE and PGE. Greece is the leading producer of Ni and Al in the EU from laterites and bauxites of central and northern Greece. These deposits also contain significant amounts of Co or REE which should be considered in the future plans of the processing industries. REE are found in high contents at the placer deposits between Chalkidiki and Kavala (North Greece) and elevated PGE concentrations are associated with the chromitites of northwestern Greece. Therefore, the mineral wealth of Greece can contribute significantly to a sustainable and a competitive economy of Europe.

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Section: Geological Overview and Various Ore Deposit Styles In Greecementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Overview and Various Ore Deposit Styles In Greecementioning

confidence: 99%

Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Aspects for Critical and Rare Metals in Greece

Melfos

Voudouris

2012

Minerals

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“…mechanisms for the generation of extensive post-collisional magmatism in the area during the Oligocene to Miocene times, which greatly influenced the development of magmatic-hydrothermal systems (de Boorder et al 1998, Pe-Piper et al 1998, Melfos et al 2002. The resulting plutonicsubvolcanic (monzonites, monzodiorites, granodiorites, microgranite porphyries) and volcanic rocks (banakites, trachytes, andésites, dacites, rhyolites) in Evros region show calc-alkaline, high-K calc-alkaline, to shoshonitic affinity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrified Wood Occurrences in Western Thrace and Limnos Island: Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Depositional Environment

Voudouris

Velitzelos

et al. 2018

geosociety

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“…The effects of slab failure are important, diverse, and may be responsible for features such as rapid uplift (Chatelain et al 1992), syncollisional magmatism (Davies and von Blanckenburg 1995;Keskin 2003;Macera et al 2008), tomographic gaps in the descending slab (Wortel and Spakman 1992), thick-skinned foreland deformation (Cloos et al 2005), seismic discontinuities (Wortel and Spakman 1992), crustal recycling (Hildebrand and Bowring 1999), transitory pulses of mafic magmatism (Ferrari 2004) doubly vergent orogens (Regard et al 2008), plateau uplift (Rodgers et al 2002), ultra-high pressure exhumation Babist et al 2006;Xu et al 2010), changes in plate motion (Austerman et al 2011); subhorizontal swarms of deep earthquakes (Chen and Brudzinski 2011), lateral shifts in foredeep sedimentation (van der Meulen et al 1998), opening of small ocean basins (Carminati et al 1998), switchover from foredeep flysch to orogenic molasse (Sinclair 1997;Wilmsen et al 2009), and porphyry copper and other mineralization (Solomon 1990;de Boorder et al 1998;Cloos et al 2005;Hildebrand 2009). …”

Section: Slab Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Arc and Slab-Failure Magmatism in Cordilleran Batholiths II – The Cretaceous Peninsular Ranges Batholith of Southern and Baja California

Hildebrand

Whalen

2014

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Ever since the late 1960s when Warren Hamilton proposed that the great Cordilleran batholiths of the western Americas are the roots of volcanic arcs like the Andes and were generated by longstanding eastward subduction, most geologists have followed suit, despite the evergrowing recognition that many Cordilleran batholiths are complex, composite bodies that developed with intervals of intense shortening and exhumation between and during periods of magmatism. The Peninsular Ranges batholith of Southern and Baja California provides a superb place to unravel the complexities because there is a lot of data and because it is longitudinally composed of two parts: an older western portion of weakly to moderately deformed, low-grade volcanic and epizonal plutonic rocks ranging in age from ~128–100 Ma; and a more easterly sector of deformed amphibolite grade rocks cut by compositionally zoned, mesozonal plutonic complexes of the La Posta suite, emplaced from 99–86 Ma. While plutons of the La Posta suite are generally considered to be the product of continued eastward subduction, they are enigmatic, because they and their wall rocks were rapidly exhumed from as deep as 23 km and eroded during, and just after, their emplacement, unlike plutons in magmatic arcs, which are generally emplaced in zones of subsidence. Here we resolve the enigma with a model where westward-dipping subduction led to arc magmatism of the western sector, the Santiago Peak–Alisitos composite arc, during the period ~128–100 Ma. Arc magmatism shut down when the arc collided with a west-facing Early Cretaceous passive margin at about 100 Ma. During the collision the buoyancy contrast between the continental crust of the eastern block and its attached oceanic lithosphere led to failure of the subducting slab. The break-off allowed subjacent asthenosphere to upwell, adiabatically melt, and rise into the upper plate to create the large zoned tonalite–granodiorite–granite complexes of the La Posta suite. While compositionally similar to arc plutons in many respects, the examples from the Southern California and Baja segments of the batholith have geochemistry that indicates they were derived from partial melting of asthenosphere at deeper levels in the mantle than typical arc magmas, and within the garnet stability field. This is consistent with asthenosphere upwelling through the torn lower-plate slab. We identify kindred rocks with similar geological relations in other Cordilleran batholiths of the Americas, such as the Sierra Nevada, which lead us to suggest that slab failure magmatism is common, both spatially and temporally.SOMMAIREDepuis la fin des années 1960, Warren Hamilton a proposé que les grands batholites de la Cordillère de l'ouest des Amériques sont les racines d’arcs volcaniques andéens issus de la subduction vers l'est de longue durée, et depuis la plupart des géologues ont emboîté le pas, bien qu’un nombre croissant d’indications montrent que de nombreux batholites de la Cordillère sont des entités composites complexes qui se sont développés lors d’intervalles intenses de contraction et d’exhumation, durant et entre les périodes de magmatisme. Le batholite Peninsular Ranges du Sud de la Californie et de Baja California est un excellent endroit permettant de démêler les choses parce qu'il y a beaucoup de données et parce qu'il est composé longitudinalement de deux parties: une partie occidentale plus ancienne, faiblement à modérément déformée, de roches volcaniques de faible métamorphisme et de roches plutoniques épizonales âgées d’environ 128 Ma à 100 Ma; et, d’un segment plus à l'est de roches amphiboliques déformées recoupées par des roches de composition zonée des complexes mésozonaux plutoniques de la suite de la Posta, mises en place entre 99 Ma et 86 Ma. Bien que les plutons de la suite La Posta sont généralement considérés comme le produit d’une subduction soutenue vers l’est, ils posent problème, parce qu'avec leurs roches encaissantes, ils ont été rapidement exhumés de profondeurs aussi grandes que 23 km, et érodées durant et juste après leur mise en place, contrairement aux plutons des arcs magmatiques, qui sont généralement mis en place dans les zones de subsidence. Dans le présent article, nous proposons une solution à ce problème, avec un modèle de subduction vers l'ouest qui conduit à un magmatisme d'arc du secteur ouest, l'arc composite de Santiago Peak-Alisitos, durant la période d’environ 128 Ma à 100 Ma. Le magmatisme d’arc s’est arrêté lorsque l'arc est entré en collision avec une marge passive à pendage ouest du début du Crétacé, il y a environ 100 Ma. Lors de la collision, le contraste de flottabilité entre la croûte continentale du bloc de est et la lithosphère océanique qui y est rattachée a conduit à l'avortement de la plaque plongeante. La cassure a entrainé la remontée de l’asthénosphère sous-jacente, sa fusion adiabatique, et sa remontée dans la plaque supérieure pour former les grands complexes zonés de tonalite-granodiorite-granite de La Posta. Bien que de composition similaire aux plutons d'arc à bien des égards, les exemples des segments de batholites de Californie du Sud et de Baja ont une géochimie qui indique qu'ils proviennent de la fusion partielle de l’asthénosphère à des niveaux plus profonds dans le manteau que les magmas d'arc typiques, à l’intérieur du domaine de stabilité du grenat. Ce qui correspond à une remontée d’asthénosphère à travers une dalle de plaque inférieure cassée. Nous connaissons des roches semblables avec les relations géologiques similaires dans d'autres batholites de la Cordillère des Amériques, tel celles de la Sierra Nevada, ce qui nous amène à penser que le magmatisme de cassure de plaque est commun, tant spatialement et temporellement.

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Late Cenozoic mineralization, orogenic collapse and slab detachment in the European Alpine Belt

Cited by 160 publications

References 28 publications

Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Aspects for Critical and Rare Metals in Greece

Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Aspects for Critical and Rare Metals in Greece

Petrified Wood Occurrences in Western Thrace and Limnos Island: Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Depositional Environment

Arc and Slab-Failure Magmatism in Cordilleran Batholiths II – The Cretaceous Peninsular Ranges Batholith of Southern and Baja California

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