Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Aspects for Critical and Rare Metals in Greece

Melfos, Vasilios; Voudouris, Panagiotis

doi:10.3390/min2040300

Cited by 46 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The Agios Philippos HS deposit in Thrace, Greece, contains a stage of Zn-Pb-rich intermediate-sulfidation ore rich in sphalerite and wurtzite (the hexagonal polymorph of sphalerite). Sphalerite and wurtzite at Agios Philippos exhibit high concentrations of In (up to 3.5 wt %), Ga (up to 1.6 wt %) and Ge (up to 800 ppm) [109][110][111]. The Roşia Montană IS deposit in the South Apuseni Mountains in Romania locally contains alburnite [Ag 8 GeTe 2 S 4 ], the Te-rich analogue of argyrodite [95,112], as well as sphalerite with up to 73 ppm Ge, 366 ppm Ga, 38 ppm In and 1906 ppm Cu [69].…”

Section: In-ga ± Ge Mineralization In Intermediate-sulfidation Sphalementioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide

et al. 2017

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Germanium, gallium and indium are in high demand due to their growing usage in high-tech and green-tech applications. However, the mineralogy and the mechanisms of concentration of these critical elements in different types of hydrothermal ore deposits remain poorly constrained. We investigated the mineralogical distribution of Ge, Ga and In at the Mt Carlton high-sulfidation epithermal deposit in NE Australia, using electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Parageneses from which selected minerals were analyzed include: Stage 1 acid sulfate alteration (alunite), Stage 2A high-sulfidation enargite mineralization (enargite, argyrodite, sphalerite, pyrite, barite), Stage 2B intermediate-sulfidation sphalerite mineralization (sphalerite, pyrite, galena) and Stage 3 hydrothermal void fill (dickite). Moderate to locally high concentrations of Ga were measured in Stage 1 alunite (up to 339 ppm) and in Stage 3 dickite (up to 150 ppm). The Stage 2A ores show enrichment in Ge, which is primarily associated with argyrodite (up to 6.95 wt % Ge) and Ge-bearing enargite (up to 2189 ppm Ge). Co-existing sphalerite has comparatively low Ge content (up to 143 ppm), while Ga (up to 1181 ppm) and In (up to 571 ppm) are higher. Sphalerite in Stage 2B contains up to 611 ppm Ge, 2829 ppm Ga and 2169 ppm In, and locally exhibits fine colloform bands of an uncharacterized Zn-In mineral with compositions close to CuZn 2 (In,Ga)S 4 . Barite, pyrite and galena which occur in association with Stage 2 mineralization were found to play negligible roles as carriers of Ge, Ga and In at Mt Carlton. Analyzed reference samples of enargite from seven similar deposits worldwide have average Ge concentrations ranging from 12 to 717 ppm (maximum 2679 ppm). The deposits from which samples showed high enrichment in critical elements in this study are all hosted in stratigraphic sequences that locally contain carbonaceous sedimentary rocks. In addition to magmatic-hydrothermal processes, such rocks could potentially be important for the concentration of critical elements in high-sulfidation epithermal deposits.

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Section: In-ga ± Ge Mineralization In Intermediate-sulfidation Sphalementioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide

et al. 2017

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“…Greece is traditionally a mining country with numerous ore deposits which include base (Cr, Ni, Mn, Al, Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu), precious (Au, Ag, Platinum Group Elements-PGE), rare (Bi, Te, Mo, Re, Ti) & critical (Mg, Sb, W, Co, Ga, Ge, In, REE) metals (MELFOS & VOUDOURIS, 2012). Mining dates back to prehistoric times focusing initially on gold, copper and iron mineralizations.…”

Section: Geological Setting Of Tertiary Ore Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this geotectonic regime, large ore deposits of economic importance were formed during the Tertiary, in relation to magmatism and the evolution of extensive magmatic-hydrothermal systems. The ore types include reduced intrusion-related, skarn, porphyry, high-, intermediate-and low-sulfidation epithermal, carbonate-hosted replacement Pb-Zn and polymetallic vein deposits (MELFOS et al, 2002;VOUDOURIS & ALFIERIS, 2005;VOUDOURIS, 2006;BONSALL et al, 2011;MELFOS & VOUDOURIS, 2012;VOUDOURIS et al, 2013a). They are concentrated into four regional metallogenic regions: 1) the Rhodope metallogenic province (RMP), 2) the Serbomacedonian metallogenic province (SMMP), 3) the Atticocycladic metallogenic province (ACMP) and 4) the Eastern Aegean metallogenic province (EAMP).…”

Section: Geological Setting Of Tertiary Ore Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid evolution in Tertiary magmatic-hydrothermal ore systems at the Rhodope metallogenic province, NE Greece. A review

Melfos¹,

Voudouris²

2016

Geol Cro

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Characterization of various fluid parameters in magmatic-hydrothermal ore mineralizations is potentially essential for interpretation of the conditions of formation and therefore for mineral exploration. Fluid inclusions can provide a useful and promising tool in the research of the ore forming processes in these systems. This review focuses on the nature, composition and origin of magmatic-hydrothermal ore forming fluids involved in the formation of representative Tertiary ore deposits at the Rhodope metallogenic province in NE Greece. These deposits are spatially related to Tertiary magmatism in NE Greece. Case studies are presented here and include an intrusion-hosted sheeted vein system (Kavala), a Au-rich carbonate replacement and quartz-vein mineralization (Asimotrypes), mineralized veins in Eptadendro-Rachi and Thasos island (Kapsalina and Panagia), porphyry Cu-MoRe -Au deposits in Pagoni Rachi and Maronia and epithermal Au-Ag mineralizations in Perama and Loutros. Hydrothermal fluids rich in CO 2 together with elevated Au and Te content are common and occur at the Kavala intrusion hosted sheeted vein system, at the Asimotrypes Au-rich carbonate replacement mineralization and at the Panagia (Thasos) vein system. We classify all these ore mineralizations as intrusion-related gold systems (IRGS). Transport and precipitation of metals including Au and Te is favoured when CO 2 is present. Precipitation of the ore mineralization takes place due to the immiscibility of the carbonic and the aqueous fluids which have a magmatic origin with the contribution of meteoric water. Cooling of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and dilution with meteoric water is a common cause for ore mineral formation in the vein mineralizations of Eptadendro/ Rachi and Kapsalina Thasos. At the Pagoni Rachi and Maronia porphyry deposits, boiling and the high proportion of the vapour phase are the most essential fluid processes which affected ore formation. The epithermal veins overprinting the Pagoni Rachi and the Maronia porphyry systems and the HS-IS epithermal system in Perama Hill and the IS epithermal mineralization in Loutros are characterized by low to moderate temperatures and low to moderate salinities. Cooling and dilution of the ore fluids are the main process for gold precipitation. We conclude that the different fluid parameters and microthermometric data indicate a variety of fluid origin conditions and sources which can affect the strategy for exploration and prospecting for gold, rare and critical metals.

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“…This fact potentially suggests a different origin and/or evolution of the 'acid' and 'basic' group. The XPC, which is mostly undeformed and unweathered, has an extensive (around 300m thick) contact metamorphic aureole that is mostly visible in contact with marbles and contains a massive Au-bearing skarn-type mineralization, a Mo-Cu-Bi-W vein mineralization and a magnetite ore deposit (Christofides, 1977;Liati, 1986;Vavelidis et al, 1990;Skarpelis and Liati, 1991;Voudouris et al, 2010;Melfos and Voudouris, 2012). Scapolite mostly occurs in the southern part of the complex, best seen north of Lefkopetra village ( Fig.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marialitic Scapolite Occurences From the Kimmeria-Lefkopetra Metamorphic Contact, Xanthi (N. Greece)

Mouchos¹,

Papadopoulou

Williamson

et al. 2017

geosociety

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Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Aspects for Critical and Rare Metals in Greece

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide

Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide

Fluid evolution in Tertiary magmatic-hydrothermal ore systems at the Rhodope metallogenic province, NE Greece. A review

Marialitic Scapolite Occurences From the Kimmeria-Lefkopetra Metamorphic Contact, Xanthi (N. Greece)

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