Late Carboniferous cyclothems and alluvial paleovalleys in the Sydney Basin, Nova Scotia

Gibling, Martin R.; Bird, D. J.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0105:lccaap>2.3.co;2

Cited by 125 publications

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“…Towards the top of the face, a transition to a flaggy bedding character reflects a further change to smallscale, low-angle cross-strata, convex-upward bedsets similar to those described by Rust and Gibling (1990a) at precisely the same stratigraphic horizon elsewhere, and thin, wedge-like or sheet-like beds of massive fine-to medium-grained sandstone (Figure 6). The section ultimately passes upward into predominantly ripple crosslaminated sandstones and hence into heterolithic facies of the overlying Sydney Mines Formation (Gibling and Bird, 1994).…”

Section: South Bar Formation At Stubbert's Point Nova Scotia Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper flow regime sheets, lenses and scour fills: Extending the range of architectural elements for fluvial sediment bodies

Fielding

2006

Sedimentary Geology

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Section: South Bar Formation At Stubbert's Point Nova Scotia Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper flow regime sheets, lenses and scour fills: Extending the range of architectural elements for fluvial sediment bodies

Fielding

2006

Sedimentary Geology

294

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“…1c) are comprised of (1) silty-shale and (2) cross-laminated sandstone units, respectively, which are separated by an erosional surface. As such, this sequence is part of a cyclothem (Gibling and Bird 1994) in a terrestrial environment of an extensive costal platform (Wightman et al 1994). The presence of siderite bands in the roof rocks (see below) confi rms a non-marine infl uence here.…”

Section: Description Of Materials and Floral Associationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Whether this can be interpreted as dry in the coal swamp is not clear, because xeromorphic characters could be the response to other factors, such as water defi ciency, high-light intensity (Arens 1997), or nitrogen defi ciency. A drier habitat in a local costal-plain ecosystem is suggested for the studied Lloyd Cove vegetation (Gibling and Bird 1994).…”

Section: Fig 7 a Fragmentary Primary-pinna Rachis 65 CM Long With Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The "medullosalean forest" at the Lloyd Cove Seam (Pennsylvanian, Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)

Zodrow¹

2003

atgeol

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From a ca. 4,200 m+2 mining area of the roof shale of the Lloyd Cove Seam, Sydney Coalfi eld, Nova Scotia, an alethopterid-linopterid assemblage was discovered. Physically associated with, and not connected with leaf fragments, is a great abundance of medullosalean axes and stems. They range in length from several to over 130 cm, with attached axes of similarly variable lengths. Among them is a 130 cm long stem or trunk with "naked" 4 -6 cm wide petioles in life position that are preserved for a maximum length of 60 cm; it represents an arborescent alethopterid, or "seed-fern" tree, 5 -7 m tall, with as yet undetermined frond structure and foliar species. These fossil fi nds are interpreted to represent a "medullosalean forest" whose habitat was within the drier parts of a coastal-plain ecosystem of basal Stephanian age, at which time fl oral changes occurred at the Lloyd Cove Seam. This discovery is unequalled in the Canadian Carboniferous Maritimes Basin, where macrofossil collections date back to the 1840s.

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“…According to the work of Gibling & Bird (1994), the Sydney Mines Formation of the Sydney Coalfield represents a succession of cyclothems, with strata deposited on broad coastal and alluvial plains that developed in response to glacio-eustatic sea level fluctuations. The fossil-bearing unit of the Lloyd Cove Seam (Fig.…”

Section: Palaeoecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial reconstruction and palaeoecology of Sphenophyllum costae (Middle Pennsylvanian, Nova Scotia, Canada)

Bashforth¹,

Zodrow²

2007

Bull. Geosci.

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Recovery of a large, articulate portion of Sphenophyllum costae Sterzel from lower Cantabrian strata of the Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada, demonstrates that it is the largest sphenophyll yet known to inhabit clastic substrates of Euramerica. The specimen shows four orders of branching, with each axis characterized by whorls of leaves having distinct morphologies. Foliage clearly displays a tendency to become less divided on axes of ascending order. Furthermore, each branch order can be distinguished based on its internodal lengths and widths, which indicates that the species has a marked hierarchy of ramification similar to that found in the calamitalean sphenopsids. Axes of all orders apparently show epidogenetic followed by apoxogenetic growth patterns, which contributes to the high degree of heterophylly in the taxon. Comparison of axes and foliage of S. costae with other members of the genus reveals that sphenophylls from clastic substrates followed a fundamental ontogenetic pattern of growth and architecture, although subtle variations existed between taxa. Climber hooks are documented for the first time in the species, and the presence of these modified leaves supports the interpretation that S. costae formed dense, multi-branched thickets up to 2 m high comprising mutually supportive axes that rested upon, clung to, or entwined with adjacent axes. Palaeoecological and taphonomic evidence suggests that the plant formed as ground cover beneath arborescent medullosalean pteridosperms, and probably occupied well-drained (but moist) clastic habitats such as elevated channel margins or topographically raised hummocks on floodplains. University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada; erwin_zodrow@cbu.ca Sphenophyllum Brongniart has a cosmopolitan palaeogeographic distribution in the palaeoequatorial tropical belt, including Gondwana, and is found in rocks ranging in age from Late Devonian to late Permian. The genus is characterized by delicate whorls of leaves arising from nodes on thin, woody axes of various orders, and was a scrambling plant that formed a ground cover of dense, multi-branching thickets on both clastic and peat-forming substrates (Batenburg 1977(Batenburg , 1981(Batenburg , 1982. The majority of sphenophyll species are heterophyllous, where morphology of the leaves depends on the order of the branch to which they were originally attached. For this reason, accurate taxonomic assignment is challenging when dealing with only fragmentary material. Although sphenophyll twigs of ultimate order are plentiful in Carboniferous strata, articulate remains with numerous orders of ramification preserved, or axes with attached strobili, are rare. Accordingly, the discovery of large, articulate specimens with several orders of branching can yield important information for future taxonomic comparisons, particularly when the range of morphological variability of the foliage existing on different axes is documented.Whole-plant reconstructions do not yet exist for Sphenophyllum, in part because rooting...

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Late Carboniferous cyclothems and alluvial paleovalleys in the Sydney Basin, Nova Scotia

Cited by 125 publications

References 0 publications

Upper flow regime sheets, lenses and scour fills: Extending the range of architectural elements for fluvial sediment bodies

Upper flow regime sheets, lenses and scour fills: Extending the range of architectural elements for fluvial sediment bodies

The "medullosalean forest" at the Lloyd Cove Seam (Pennsylvanian, Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)

Partial reconstruction and palaeoecology of Sphenophyllum costae (Middle Pennsylvanian, Nova Scotia, Canada)

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