Late antique glass distribution and consumption in Cyprus: a chemical study

Ceglia, Andrea; Cosyns, Peter; Nys, Karin; Terryn, Herman; Thienpont, Hugo; Meulebroeck, Wendy

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2015.06.009

Cited by 62 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The results therefore suggest that glass used at Jerash from the Hellenistic through to the Umayyad period originated mainly from the tank furnaces of the Levantine coast, with the possible exception of antimony‐decolorized Roman glass of 2nd–4th centuries CE. Glass types generally considered to have an Egyptian origin which were common in other regions in the 4th–7th centuries CE, such as Egypt I, Egypt II, HIMT, and Serie 2.1 or HLIMT (Ceglia et al., ; Schibille et al., ) are absent from the samples analyzed (Figure ). However, this could be a sampling effect and small quantities of these types might have reached Jerash; this possibility will be further explored in later studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geochemistry of Byzantine and Early Islamic glass from Jerash, Jordan: Typology, recycling, and provenance

et al. 2018

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Twenty‐two objects of glass from the Decapolis city of Gerasa, N. Jordan, with characteristic vessel forms ranging from Hellenistic to Early Islamic (2nd century BCE to 8th century CE) were analyzed for major and trace elements, and 16 samples for Sr‐isotopes. The majority were produced in the vicinity of Apollonia on the Palestine coast in the 6th–7th centuries CE, and strong inter‐element correlations for Fe, Ti, Mn, Mg, Nb reflect local variations in the accessory minerals in the Apollonia glassmaking sand. The ubiquity of recycling is reflected in elevated concentrations and high coefficients of variation of colorant‐related elements as well as a strong positive correlation between K and P. The high level of K contamination is attributed to the use of pomace (olive processing residue) as fuel, and a negative correlation with Cl, due to volatilization as the glass was reheated. This points to an efficient system for the collection of glass for recycling in Jerash during the latter part of the first millennium CE. Differences in elemental behavior at different sites in the Levant may reflect the context of the recycling system, for example, glass from secular contexts may contain less colorants derived from mosaics than glass associated with churches.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geochemistry of Byzantine and Early Islamic glass from Jerash, Jordan: Typology, recycling, and provenance

et al. 2018

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“…This type of glass has since been variably re-branded HLIMT [55], weak HIMT [57], and HIMT 2 [53, 58]. However, it has recently been shown that an association of Foy-2 with HIMT glass is misleading [20, 55, 59–61]. We therefore refer to this group as Foy-2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore refer to this group as Foy-2. A fifth-century date has been proposed for the série 3.2 sub-type [6, 56, 59], and a sixth-century date for série 2.1 [20, 55, 59]. While the majority of Foy-2 glass weights are indeed attributed to the sixth century, a significant number of the weights date to the seventh century, confirming that production and circulation of Foy-2 (série 2.1) extended into the seventh (S1 Table).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Chemical Characterisation of Byzantine Glass Weights

et al. 2016

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The understanding of the glass trade in the first millennium CE relies on the characterisation of well-dated compositional groups and the identification of their primary production sites. 275 Byzantine glass weights from the British Museum and the Bibliothèque nationale de France dating to the sixth and seventh century were analysed by LA-ICP-MS. Multivariate statistical and graphical data analysis discriminated between six main primary glass types. Primary glass sources were differentiated based on multi-dimensional comparison of silica-derived elements (MgO, Al2O3, CaO, TiO2, Fe2O3, ZrO2) and components associated with the alkali source (Li2O, B2O3). Along with Egyptian and Levantine origins of the glassmaking sands, variations in the natron source possibly point to the exploitation of two different natron deposits. Differences in strontium to calcium ratios revealed variations in the carbonate fractions in the sand. At least two cobalt sources were employed as colouring agents, one of which shows strong correlations with nickel, indicating a specific post-Roman cobalt source. Typological evidence identified chronological developments in the use of the different glass groups. Throughout the sixth century, Byzantine glass weights were predominately produced from two glasses that are probably of an Egyptian origin (Foy-2 and Foy-2 high Fe). Towards the second half of the sixth century a new but related plant-ash glass type emerged (Magby). Levantine I was likewise found among the late sixth- to early seventh-century samples. The use of different dies for the same batch testifies to large-scale, centralised production of the weights, while the same die used for different primary production groups demonstrates the co-existence of alternative sources of supply. Given the comprehensive design of our study, these results can be extrapolated to the wider early Byzantine glass industry and its changes at large.

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“…Its composition resembles that of a few Egyptian vessels from Bubastis of the weak HIMT group (Rosenow and Rehren 2014). Very recently, the publication of a collection of vessels and window glass (fifth to seventh centuries AD, mainly based on findsite chronology) from three Cypriot sites (Yeroskipou, Maroni-Petrera and Kalavasos-Kopetra) have provided new food for thought (Ceglia et al 2015). In fact, the high lime iron manganese titanium glass group (hereafter HLIMT) group established by the authors has very similar characteristics with respect to both the weak HIMT (Rosenow and Rehren 2014) and the CaO-rich HIMT glass groups.…”

Section: Provenance and Technical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compositional values of single collections included in the Levantine, HIMT (high iron, manganese and titanium), and RNCBGY (roman naturally coloured blue-green and yellow) 1/2 glass groups are listed in the text. The weak HIMT group is defined in Rosenow and Rehren (2014), while the average composition of the HLIMT (high lime iron manganese titanium) glass group is calculated on a base of 28 samples, attributed to that group with certainty by their authors (Ceglia et al 2015): note that eight samples indicated as The REE pattern of these exemplars is comparable with that of the RC/LAC-Sb exemplars that, in their turn, resemble that of Levantine glass (Fig. 6); therefore, a common origin from the Levantine coast can be hypothesized.…”

Section: Rc/lac-sbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Antique and Early Medieval Glass Vessels from Faragola (Italy)

et al. 2016

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Thirty‐two glass objects (third to ninth centuries ad) have been investigated by means of SEM–EDS, EMPA, ICP–MS and LA–ICP–MS. Siliceous sands and natron were identified as the vitrifying and the fluxing agents, respectively. Colouring agents were iron for yellow/–green, aqua blue and blackish glass; cobalt for blue and, combined with iron, for brownish glass; and copper and lead antimonates for one emerald green glass. Antimony was the main decolourizer, while manganese was rarely used or effective. Half of the collection was probably of Levantine origin, while the other half was assigned to the North African coast (Egypt?). The reliability of the CaO‐rich HIMT glass group has been consolidated.

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Late antique glass distribution and consumption in Cyprus: a chemical study

Cited by 62 publications

References 25 publications

Geochemistry of Byzantine and Early Islamic glass from Jerash, Jordan: Typology, recycling, and provenance

Geochemistry of Byzantine and Early Islamic glass from Jerash, Jordan: Typology, recycling, and provenance

Comprehensive Chemical Characterisation of Byzantine Glass Weights

Late Antique and Early Medieval Glass Vessels from Faragola (Italy)

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