Latanoprost ophthalmic solution in the treatment of open angle glaucoma or raised intraocular pressure: a review

Abstract

Latanoprost is a prostaglandin F2-alpha isopropyl ester prodrug which is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active latanoprost acid. When latanoprost is topically administered into the eye, the cornea seems to act like as a slow-release depot to the anterior segment. One hour after administration maximum concentration is found in the iris, followed by the anterior chamber and the ciliary body. Despite extensive research, controversy remains about the real mechanism of action of this drug. Immunohistochemical data have shown that the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction with topical prostaglandin F2-alpha is associated with a reduction of collagens within the uveoscleral outfl ow pathway. Evidence from several experimental and clinical studies suggests that latanoprost is a valuable addition fi rst-line treatment alternatives for glaucoma, ocular hypertension and even angle-closure glaucoma. Strong points are its effi cacy, which is demonstrated to be higher than that of brimonidine, dorzolamide and timolol with fewer systemic adverse effects; a convenient administration schedule; and the IOP-controlling pattern, which is relatively fl at compared with timolol and dorzolamide, and enables better control in glaucoma progression, since large fl uctuations may be associated with the risk of developing glaucoma in untreated ocular hypertensive subjects.

Role of 24-Hour Intraocular Pressure Monitoring in Glaucoma Management

“…In view of the suggestion of setting a more comprehensive management target regarding patients' 24-hour IOP profiles, we have also discussed the effectiveness of glaucomatous medications, laser trabeculoplasty, and trabeculectomy in optimizing various 24-hour IOP parameters. According to current data, prostaglandin analogues (especially bimatoprost and travoprost [51, 85]) were the most effective topical eyedrops to achieve a uniform 24-hour IOP reduction [83–86], and they were also effective in reducing the maximum and minimum IOP and short-term IOP fluctuations [87]. In particular, evening administration of prostaglandin analogues was shown to be better than morning dosing to lower daytime IOP in patients with POAG [19, 81, 83, 92].…”

“…Prostaglandin analogues (travoprost, latanoprost, bimatoprost, tafluprost) are the most potent topical antiglaucoma agents which can achieve uniform 24-hour IOP reduction of 24–29% [83–86]. Stewart et al conducted a meta-analysis of studies that assessed the 24-hour efficacy of antiglaucoma medications and concluded that bimatoprost followed by travoprost were the two most effective IOP-reducing medications [51, 85].…”

Xalatan in the Treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Review

“…пролекарство) кислоты латанопроста, который является аналогом PGF 2α. Латанопрост гидролизуется эстеразой роговицы с образованием биологически активного вещества латанопростовой кислоты [11]. Свободная гидрофильная кислота латанопроста обладает низкой тропностью к простаноидным рецепторам, отвечающим за воспалительные реакции, и высокую тропность к рецепторам, обеспечивающим снижение внутриглазного давления (ВГД), что указывает на высокую селективность препарата [12,13].…”