In this work, in situ formation of Al-Cr intermetallic compound on the surface of AA6061-T6 aluminum pre-placed chromium powder via pulsed Nd:YAG laser surface alloying was investigated. The effect of laser re-melting on microstructure and hardness of the treated layers was examined. Laser re-melting resulted in a significant reduction in the presence of cracks, pores, and undissolved Cr-rich particles along with a more uniform distribution of intermetallic compounds. The results showed that the alloyed layers mainly consisted of fine Al 7 Cr and Al 4 Cr intermetallic compounds in an α-Al solid solution matrix with cellular and dendritic morphologies. Hardness profiles along cross section and top surface of the alloyed layers indicated that laser re-melting enhanced homogeneity and increased the hardness value to more than six times of that of the base material.