Laser sintering of metallic medical materials—a review

Novakov, Tamara; Jackson, Mark J.; Robinson, G. W.; Ahmed, Waqar; Phoenix, David A.

doi:10.1007/s00170-017-0705-3

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Implants, which replace the tissues of the human body, should have biomechanical properties comparable to those that are replaced and must not cause any side effects. The essential requirement for all medical implants includes corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, bio-adhesion, biofunctionality, machinability and availability [1,2,3,4,5]. To fulfill these requirements, materials being used for implants are tested for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, cytotoxicity, irritation, sensitivity and residues of sterilization [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of DMLS Ti6Al4V Alloy Dedicated to Biomedical Applications

2019

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The aim of this work was to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of samples produced by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) with varied laser beam speed before and after heat treatment. Optical analysis of as-built samples revealed microstructure built of martensite needles and columnar grains, growing epitaxially towards the built direction. External and internal pores, un-melted or semi-melted powder particles and inclusions in the examined samples were also observed. The strength and Young’s modulus of the DMLS samples before heat treatment was higher than for cast and forged samples; however, the elongation at break for vertical and horizontal orientation was lower than required for biomedical implants. After heat treatment, the hardness of the samples decreased, which is associated with the disappearance of boundary effect and martensite decomposition to lamellar mixture of α and β, and the anisotropic behaviour of the material also disappears. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength(YS) also decreased, while elongation increased. Tensile properties were sensitive to the build orientation, which indicates that DMLS generates anisotropy of material as a result of layered production and elongated β prior grains. It was noticed that inappropriate selection of parameters did not allow properties corresponding to the standards to be obtained due to the high porosity and defects of the microstructure caused by insufficient energy density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of DMLS Ti6Al4V Alloy Dedicated to Biomedical Applications

2019

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“…[84] Powder bed fusion has been applied in sectors such as aviation, medicine, aerospace, automotive, dentistry, tissue engineering, and electronics. [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] Also, more recently, SLS has been exploited to produce oral pharmaceutical dosage forms. [93][94][95][96]…”

Section: Powder Bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing: An Emerging Technology for Biocatalyst Immobilization

Pose-Boirazian

Martı́nez-Costas

Eibes

2022

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Employment of enzymes as biocatalysts offers immense benefits across diverse sectors in the context of green chemistry, biodegradability, and sustainability. When compared to free enzymes in solution, enzyme immobilization proposes an effective means of improving functional efficiency and operational stability. The advance of printable and functional materials utilized in additive manufacturing, coupled with the capability to produce bespoke geometries, has sparked great interest toward the 3‐dimensional (3D) printing of immobilized enzymes. Printable biocatalysts represent a new generation of enzyme immobilization in a more customizable and adaptable manner, unleashing their potential functionalities for countless applications in industrial biotechnology. This review provides an overview of enzyme immobilization techniques and 3D printing technologies, followed by illustrations of the latest 3D printed enzyme‐immobilized industrial and clinical applications. The unique advantages of harnessing 3D printing as an enzyme immobilization technique will be presented, alongside a discussion on its potential limitations. Finally, the future perspectives of integrating 3D printing with enzyme immobilization will be considered, highlighting the endless possibilities that are achievable in both research and industry.

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“…In particular, 3D printing has been widely used to fabricate dental parts [77], trauma medical implants and orthopaedic medical devices (e.g. knee and hip joint devices) [78]. Unlike other production methods, 3D printing offers an easy manufacturing method that is less expensive, where the end products are tailored specifically for the patient.…”

Section: Innovative Medical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%