Laser production of supersonic metal cluster beams

Dietz, T. G.; Duncan, M. A.; Powers, D. E.; Smalley, R. E.

doi:10.1063/1.440991

Cited by 817 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…On the other hand, buffer gas beams can be operated with high enough backing pressure such that increasing the pressure further will no longer reduce the beam temperature, without degradation of the beam properties [7,9]. Additionally, for supersonic beams, the introduction of chemically reactive or refractory species is challenging due to the short mean free path between collisions in the source, and are typically introduced into the expansion plume [11,[88][89][90]. This reduces the brightness of the beam.…”

Section: Fully Hydrodynamic or "Supersonic" Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules

2012

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Section: Fully Hydrodynamic or "Supersonic" Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules

2012

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“…It combines the generation of a metal vapour/plasma by pulsed laser heating and the subsequent rapid quenching by a pulsed supersonic expansion of an inert gas (Bondybey & English 1981;Dietz et al 1981). In the original design, the output of a ns-pulsed laser (Nd:YAG laser or excimer laser) was directed onto a target rod that rotated and translated through the laser (focus) to ensure smooth surface ablation and stable conditions for cluster formation.…”

Section: (I) Laser-vaporization Cluster Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the size-dependent structure of ligand-free gold-cluster ions

Schooss

Weis

Hampe

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

111

108

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Ligand-free metal clusters can be prepared over a wide size range, but only in comparatively small amounts. Determining their size-dependent properties has therefore required the development of experimental methods that allow characterization of sample sizes comprising only a few thousand mass-selected particles under well-defined collisionfree conditions. In this review, we describe the application of these methods to the geometric structural determination of Au + n and Au − n with n = 3-20. Geometries were assigned by comparing experimental data, primarily from ion-mobility spectrometry and trapped ion electron diffraction, to structural models from quantum chemical calculations.

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“…18 Bismuth cluster ions are produced in a modified Smalley-type laser vaporization source [19][20][21] with a rotating target consisting of pressed bismuth powder (99.9% Chempur) and a pulsed valve (General Valve Corp.) providing the cooling gas (He, backing pressure 5 bar). The source is held at room temperature.…”

Section: A Ion Mobility Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures of small bismuth cluster cations

Kelting

Baldes²,

Schwarz³

et al. 2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The structures of bismuth cluster cations in the range between 4 and 14 atoms have been assigned by a combination of gas phase ion mobility and trapped ion electron diffraction measurements together with density functional theory calculations. We find that above 8 atoms the clusters adopt prolate structures with coordination numbers between 3 and 4 and highly directional bonds. These open structures are more like those seen for clusters of semiconducting-in-bulk elements (such as silicon) rather than resembling the compact structures typical for clusters of metallic-in-bulk elements. An accurate description of bismuth clusters at the level of density functional theory, in particular of fragmentation pathways and dissociation energetics, requires taking spin-orbit coupling into account. For n = 11 we infer that low energy isomers can have fragmentation thresholds comparable to their structural interconversion barriers. This gives rise to experimental isomer distributions which are dependent on formation and annealing histories.

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Laser production of supersonic metal cluster beams

Cited by 817 publications

References 31 publications

The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules

The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules

Determining the size-dependent structure of ligand-free gold-cluster ions

Structures of small bismuth cluster cations

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