“…As a result, there is no residual or measurable graphitic carbon at the laser processed region using picosecond pulses. Conversely, there does exist a minimal presence of porosity which is presumably residual porosity due to the wire EDM process or due to the relatively high fluence used since according to Dold et al [31], a fluence of only 5.53 J/cm 2 is necessary to process coarse grain PCD composite cutting tools. This region is defined as a HAZ exhibiting a thickness of less than 350 nm.…”
“…As a result, there is no residual or measurable graphitic carbon at the laser processed region using picosecond pulses. Conversely, there does exist a minimal presence of porosity which is presumably residual porosity due to the wire EDM process or due to the relatively high fluence used since according to Dold et al [31], a fluence of only 5.53 J/cm 2 is necessary to process coarse grain PCD composite cutting tools. This region is defined as a HAZ exhibiting a thickness of less than 350 nm.…”
“…However, post-processing is necessary when using nanosecond pulse durations to achieve the quality required by industry. For this reason, Dold et al [6] used a τ p =10 ps, λ=1064 nm laser and optimised the laser ablation process for PCD composite cutting inserts. The laser processed inserts exhibited no grain breakouts and faster processing times.…”
The machining of micro-geometries requires a corresponding micro-cutting tool. Up to now, industry primarily fabricates such tools by grinding or electrical discharge machining. In this paper, an overview of the direct laser fabrication of micro-cutting tool-related geometries on polycrystalline diamond composites and single crystal diamond is presented. This is made possible using picosecond laser pulses operating at second harmonics and a micro-scanning deflection system exhibiting a high-numerical aperture. The generated geometries are inspected using scanning electron microscopy while quality of the cutting edge radius and graphitisation is investigated. The laser ablation process is further enhanced by demonstrating the feasibility of a sequential roughing and finishing strategy.
NomenclatureØ Diameter [μm] β Wedge angle of cutting edge λ Wavelength [nm] τ p Pulse duration [fs, ps, ns] D4σ Second moment focal spot diameter [μm] F Fluence [J/cm 2 ] F th Ablation threshold [J/cm 2 ] f eff Effective focal length of focussing objective [mm] f rep Frequency [kHz] M 2 Beam quality [-] R a Arithmetic mean roughness [nm] r edge Cutting edge radius [μm] t f Finishing time [min] t r Roughing time [min] T g Graphitisation temperature [°C] z step Layer thickness step size of z-axis [μm] v Feed rate of laser beam or workpiece [mm/s]
“…As a result, the recent use of ultrashort picosecond laser technology to process PCD composites and WC is demonstrated by Dold et al (2012 and2013) using a τp = 10 ps, λ = 1064 nm, Ep = 50 μJ laser system. Laser processing is faster than conventional grinding methods, no grain breakouts occurs and no thermal effects are observed.…”
An ablation study is carried out to compare 10 picosecond and 1 nanosecond pulse durations as well as 532 nanometre and 1064 nanometre wavelengths at each corresponding pulse duration. All laser parameters are kept constant in order to understand the influence of pulse duration and wavelength independently. The materials processed according to the electronic band structure are a metal and an insulator/metal composite, i.e. tungsten carbide and polycrystalline diamond composite respectively. After laser processing said materials, the ablation rate and surface roughness are determined. Analysis into the ablation behaviour between the various laser parameters and the materials processed is given, with a particular emphasis on the graphitisation of diamond.
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