Laser processing of channel waveguide structures in sol-gel coatings

Fabes, B. D.; Taylor, Douglas; Weisenbach, Lori; Stuppi, M. M.; Klein, David; Raymond, L.; Zelinski, Brian J.J.; Birnie, Dunbar P.

doi:10.1117/12.22570

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…One of the limitations is small critical thickness. Usually, the critical thickness of the sol‐gel–derived thin films is about a few hundred nanometers . In most of the previous works, the thickness of the laser densified sol‐gel thin films was less than 500 nm .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of laser sintering on the microstructure, relative density, and cracking of sol‐gel–derived silica thin films

et al. 2019

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Combining sol‐gel processing and laser sintering is a promising way for fabricating functional ceramic deposition with high dimensional resolution. In this work, crack‐free silica tracks on a silica substrate with a thickness from ~360 nm to ~950 nm, have been obtained by direct exposure to a CO2 laser beam. At a fixed scanning speed, the density and microstructures of the silica deposition can be precisely controlled by varying the laser output power. The porosity of the laser‐sintered silica tracks ranged from close to 0% to ~60%. When the thickness of the silica deposition exceeded the critical thickness (eg, ~2.2 µm before firing), cracks occurred in both laser‐sintered and furnace‐sintered samples. Cracks propagated along the edge of the laser‐sintered track, resulting in the crack‐free track. However, for the furnace heat‐treated counterpart, the cracks spread randomly. To understand the laser sintering effect, we established a finite element model (FEM) to calculate the temperature profile of the substrate during laser scanning, which agreed well with the one‐dimensional analytical model. The FEM model confirmed that laser sintering was the main thermal effect and the calculated temperature profile can be used to predict the microstructure of the laser‐sintered tracks. Combining these results, we were able to fabricate, predesigned patterned (Clemson tiger paw) silica films with high density using a galvo scanner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, the critical thickness of the sol-gel-derived thin films is about a few hundred nanometers. 28 In most of the previous works, the thickness of the laser densified sol-gel thin films was less than 500 nm. [29][30][31][32] This thin layer limits its application.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of laser sintering on the microstructure, relative density, and cracking of sol‐gel–derived silica thin films

et al. 2019

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“…The latter consideration allows areas of the same coating to have different properties based on varied firing conditions. A pattern can be written into a sol−gel coating by densification with a laser, and the remaining undense coating can be easily etched away, leaving the pattern . Or, one of the laser firing parameters can be changed continuously as the coated body is fired, producing a film with graded properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure of Laser-Fired, Sol−Gel-Derived Tungsten Oxide Films

et al. 1996

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Half-micron-thick tungsten oxide films were deposited by the sol−gel method onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated soda lime silicate substrates. Following a 100 °C prebake, the samples were fired with a carbon dioxide laser at a variety of power densities and translation speeds. The laser-fired tungsten oxide films were characterized by spectrophotometry, electrochemistry, multiangle ellipsometry, and transmission electron microscopy and compared to similar furnace-fired films. The data showed an increase in electrochromic response with increased firing temperature up to the point where crystallization of the tungsten oxide retarded electrochromic response. A window with graded electrochromic properties was made by laser firing.

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Local induction of calcium phosphate formation on TiO₂ coatings on titanium via surface treatment with a CO₂ laser

Moritz

Jokinen

Peltola

et al. 2003

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Sol-gel-derived TiO(2) coatings are known to promote bonelike hydroxyapatite formation on their surfaces in vitro and in vivo. Hydroxyapatite integrates into bone tissue. In some clinical applications, the surface of an implant is simultaneously interfaced with soft and hard tissues, so it should match the properties of both. A new method is introduced for treating the coatings locally in a controlled manner. The local densification of sol-gel-derived titania coatings on titanium substrates with a CO(2) laser was studied in terms of the in vitro calcium phosphate-inducting properties. CO(2)-laser-treated multilayer coatings were compared with furnace-fired coatings prepared with the same recipe and previously shown to be bioactive. Additionally, local areas of furnace-fired multilayer coatings (previously shown to be bioactive in vitro) were further laser-treated to achieve various properties in the same implant. Topological surface properties were examined with atomic force microscopy. The formation of hydroxyapatite was studied with Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The results show that calcium phosphate formation can be adjusted locally by laser treatment. Calcium phosphate is a bonelike hydroxyapatite. The local treatment of sol-gel-derived coatings with a CO(2) laser is a promising technique for creating implants with various properties to interface different tissues and a possible way of coating implants that do not tolerate furnace firing.

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Laser processing of channel waveguide structures in sol-gel coatings

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

The effect of laser sintering on the microstructure, relative density, and cracking of sol‐gel–derived silica thin films

The effect of laser sintering on the microstructure, relative density, and cracking of sol‐gel–derived silica thin films

Microstructure of Laser-Fired, Sol−Gel-Derived Tungsten Oxide Films

Local induction of calcium phosphate formation on TiO₂ coatings on titanium via surface treatment with a CO₂ laser

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Laser processing of channel waveguide structures in sol-gel coatings

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

The effect of laser sintering on the microstructure, relative density, and cracking of sol‐gel–derived silica thin films

The effect of laser sintering on the microstructure, relative density, and cracking of sol‐gel–derived silica thin films

Microstructure of Laser-Fired, Sol−Gel-Derived Tungsten Oxide Films

Local induction of calcium phosphate formation on TiO2 coatings on titanium via surface treatment with a CO2 laser

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Product

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Local induction of calcium phosphate formation on TiO₂ coatings on titanium via surface treatment with a CO₂ laser