Local induction of calcium phosphate formation on TiO₂ coatings on titanium via surface treatment with a CO₂ laser

Abstract

Sol-gel-derived TiO(2) coatings are known to promote bonelike hydroxyapatite formation on their surfaces in vitro and in vivo. Hydroxyapatite integrates into bone tissue. In some clinical applications, the surface of an implant is simultaneously interfaced with soft and hard tissues, so it should match the properties of both. A new method is introduced for treating the coatings locally in a controlled manner. The local densification of sol-gel-derived titania coatings on titanium substrates with a CO(2) laser was studied in terms of the in vitro calcium phosphate-inducting properties. CO(2)-laser-treated multilayer coatings were compared with furnace-fired coatings prepared with the same recipe and previously shown to be bioactive. Additionally, local areas of furnace-fired multilayer coatings (previously shown to be bioactive in vitro) were further laser-treated to achieve various properties in the same implant. Topological surface properties were examined with atomic force microscopy. The formation of hydroxyapatite was studied with Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The results show that calcium phosphate formation can be adjusted locally by laser treatment. Calcium phosphate is a bonelike hydroxyapatite. The local treatment of sol-gel-derived coatings with a CO(2) laser is a promising technique for creating implants with various properties to interface different tissues and a possible way of coating implants that do not tolerate furnace firing.

Enhancement of in vitro apatite-forming ability of thermally oxidized titanium surfaces by ultraviolet irradiation

“…Moritz et al reported that CO2 laser treatment induced the formation of calcium phosphate locally on TiO2 coatings on titanium. 6) Ghaith et al also confirmed the effectiveness of laser irradiations (CO2 laser 7) or the Nd:YAG laser 8) ) on apatite formation on TiO2 films derived from the sol-gel method. These laser treatments promoted the crystallization of TiO2 (e.g.…”

Improved brushing durability of titanium dioxide coating on polymethyl methacrylate substrate by prior treatment with acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane-based agent for denture application

“…Coating a titanium oxide layer onto a substrate can confer biomedical materials with desirable properties such as high biological affinity and bioactivity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . Such coatings have also attracted great interest in terms of the potential for practical application offered by their antimicrobial and antifouling properties 8,9) , as titanium dioxide (TiO2) induces oxidization on excitation by ultraviolet irradiation [10][11][12] .…”

Biocompatibility of sol–gel-derived titania–silica coated intramedullary NiTi nails

“…This also highlights the utility of thin ceramic coatings in implant applications where significant strain is applied to the implant. It is known that sol-gel-derived titania coatings attract calcium and phosphate from the body fluid and form bone-like calcium phosphate on the surface, thus promoting bone bonding [13,19,20]. In addition, sol-gel processing of a Ti alloy has been shown to promote increased attachment of osteoblasts and enhanced formation of mineralized matrix [21].…”