Laser photocoagulation alters the pattern of staining for neurotrophin-4, GFAP, and CD68 in human retina

Pathophysiology of blast‐induced ocular trauma in rats after repeated exposure to low‐level blast overpressure

“…To characterize the immune response in ocular tissues after exposure to BOP, the retina and optic nerve tissues were labelled with CD68. CD68 is a cell marker for macrophages and activated microglia . This observation suggests that BOP‐exposed animals may have undergone activation of an immune response in the optic nerve; however, more detailed studies are required.…”

“…CD68 is a marker used to identify cells of macrophage lineage. The infiltration of CD68‐positive cells into ocular tissues indicates an inflammatory response due to disease or injury …”

Protein kinase C expression in the rabbit retina after laser photocoagulation

“…In the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, laser photocoagulation has proven highly efficient [5,18], even though the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. A number of studies have reported alterations of growth factor levels as well gene expression after laser therapy [6,22,24,25]. Given the important role of PKC in the orchestration of protein expression and activation in the retina, and its documented relationship with diabetic retinopathy, we in this paper have chosen to examine retinal PKC expression after laser tion.…”

Expression of neurotrophin receptors by retinoinvasive uveal melanoma

“…Recent studies have demonstrated an association between cutaneous melanoma progression and its central nervous system metastatic potential and expression of neurotrophic growth factors [neurotrophins (NTs)] and their receptors (NTRs) [9,10]. These neurotrophic factors are brain-derived growth factor, nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), NT-3, and NT-4 promote development, differentiation, connectivity, and survival of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system, including the retina [11][12][13]. The neurotrophic factors can exert their effect in either an autocrine or a paracrine manner [9].…”

“…The neurotrophic factors can exert their effect in either an autocrine or a paracrine manner [9]. The biological activities of neurotrophic factors are mediated by their receptors, which include CNTFRa (which binds CNTF), p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR , a low-affinity receptor for all NTs), and a family of tyrosine kinase receptors, Trk-A (which binds nerve growth factor and to lesser extent NT-3), Trk-B (which binds brain-derived growth factor, NT-4, and to a lesser extent NT-3), and Trk-C (which binds NT-3) [11][12][13][14]. This association of cutaneous melanoma progression and neurotropism with the expression of NT/NTRs prompted us to analyze the expression of NTRs (Trk-A, Trk-B, Trk-C, CNTFRa) in retinoinvasive and noninvasive uveal melanomas.…”