Laser network decision making by lag synchronization of chaos in a ring configuration

Abstract

Photonic technologies are promising for solving complex tasks in artificial intelligence. In this paper, we numerically investigate decision making for solving the multi-armed bandit problem using lag synchronization of chaos in a ring laser-network configuration. We construct a laser network consisting of unidirectionally coupled semiconductor lasers, whereby spontaneous exchange of the leader-laggard relationship in the lag synchronization of chaos is observed. We succeed in solving the multi-armed bandit problems with three slot machines using lag synchronization of chaos by controlling the coupling strengths among the three lasers. Furthermore, we investigate the scalability of the proposed decision-making principle by increasing the number of slot machines and lasers. This study suggests a new direction in laser network-based decision making for future photonic intelligent functions.

Decision making for large-scale multi-armed bandit problems using bias control of chaotic temporal waveforms in semiconductor lasers

“…The exponent γ = 0.97 is close to 1, which indicates that the number of plays required for correct decision making is approximately proportional to the number of slot machines (i.e., order N , O ( N )). This exponent is smaller than previous results in other photonic decision-making schemes (e.g., γ = 1.16 10 and γ = 1.85 15 ).…”

“…In this section, we compare the proposed laser-chaos-based method with previous photonic methods for solving the multi-armed bandit problem with a large number of slot machines. Previous photonic methods have used hierarchical structures 10 and laser networks 15 , in which the decision-making performance was affected by the arrangement of the slot machines. However, in the laser-chaos-based method, all of the slot machines are compared in parallel, and the selection is determined by the maximum chaotic temporal waveform with bias.…”

“…Furthermore, mode competition dynamics in a ring–cavity semiconductor laser on a chip has been utilized to solve two-armed bandit problems (i.e., problems with two slot machines) 13 . The lag synchronization of chaos in mutually coupled semiconductor lasers has been used for decision making 14 , and this approach has been extended to laser networks with a large number of slot machines 15 , 16 . Furthermore, single 17 , 18 and entangled 19 – 21 photons have been utilized for photonic decision making.…”

“…A hierarchical structure using chaotic temporal waveforms was introduced to increase the number of slot machines to 64 10 . In addition, a laser network consisting of coupled semiconductor lasers in a ring configuration has been used to solve problems with up to seven slot machines 15 . However, no solutions have been reported for problems with more than 100 slot machines.…”

Adaptive decision making using a chaotic semiconductor laser for multi-armed bandit problem with time-varying hit probabilities

“…The tug-of-war method provides faster decision making than software algorithms [7]. Recently, photonic implementations of the tug-of-war method have been demonstrated using quantum dots [11,12], single photons [13], entangled photons [14], and chaotic semiconductor lasers [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Furthermore, photonic decision making of the multi-armed bandit problem has been reported using chaotic temporal waveforms with a threshold [15][16][17], lag synchronization of chaos in coupled semiconductor lasers [18], laser network dynamics [19,20], and mode-switching dynamics in a ring-cavity laser [21].…”