Laser microspectral analysis: a review of principles and applications

Adrain, R. S.; Watson, James

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/17/10/004

Cited by 111 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…23,25,27,37,39,44,[46][47][48][49][50][52][53][54][55] We mention here specifically the recent review of Aragón and Aguilera, 52 which is highly relevant to the present article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

2010

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become a very popular analytical method in the last decade in view of some of its unique features such as applicability to any type of sample, practically no sample preparation, remote sensing capability, and speed of analysis. The technique has a remarkably wide applicability in many fields, and the number of applications is still growing. From an analytical point of view, the quantitative aspects of LIBS may be considered its Achilles' heel, first due to the complex nature of the laser–sample interaction processes, which depend upon both the laser characteristics and the sample material properties, and second due to the plasma–particle interaction processes, which are space and time dependent. Together, these may cause undesirable matrix effects. Ways of alleviating these problems rely upon the description of the plasma excitation-ionization processes through the use of classical equilibrium relations and therefore on the assumption that the laser-induced plasma is in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Even in this case, the transient nature of the plasma and its spatial inhomogeneity need to be considered and overcome in order to justify the theoretical assumptions made. This first article focuses on the basic diagnostics aspects and presents a review of the past and recent LIBS literature pertinent to this topic. Previous research on non-laser-based plasma literature, and the resulting knowledge, is also emphasized. The aim is, on one hand, to make the readers aware of such knowledge and on the other hand to trigger the interest of the LIBS community, as well as the larger analytical plasma community, in attempting some diagnostic approaches that have not yet been fully exploited in LIBS.

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“…23,25,27,37,39,44,[46][47][48][49][50][52][53][54][55] We mention here specifically the recent review of Aragón and Aguilera, 52 which is highly relevant to the present article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

2010

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“…When calibrated, the method provides quantitative measurements. The method could be built with low cost for field-portable instrumentation and precise analysis (Sjostrom and Mauchien, 1991;Song and Sneddon, 1997;Lee et al, 1997;Abdellatif and Imam, 2002;Adrain and Watson, 1984). We evaluated the LIBS method for its potential to measure the concentration of soil nutrients in green house samples collected from different locations of selected green house plot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Of Nutrients In Green House Soil With Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Hussain

Gondal

Yamani

et al. 2006

Environ Monit Assess

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied for the determination of nutrients in the green house soil samples. We determined appropriate spectral signatures of vital nutrients and calibrated the method to measure the nutrients in a naturally fertilized plot, cultivated with tomato and cucumber plants. From the calibration curves we predicted the concentrations of important nutrients such as Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe, S, Ni and Ba in the soil. Our measurements proved that the LIBS method rapidly and efficiently measures soil nutrients with excellent detection limits of 12, 9, 7, 9, 7, 10, 8 and 12 mg/kg for Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe, S, Ni and Ba respectively with a precision of approximately 2%, The unique features of LIBS for rapid sample analysis demonstrated by this study suggests that this method offers promise for precision measurements of soil nutrients as compared to conventional methods in short span of time.

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“…However, over any extended range of relative concentrations this linear relationship hardly ever occurs. This is due to a number of causes the main ones being (a) the inhomogeneities in the sample due to poor production techniques and grain boundary effects, (b) chemical and physical properties of the sample which affect the plasma composition, the 'matrix effect', that may lead to selective vaporization and excitation of different elements in the sample, (c) for a plasma that is representative of the sample, selective volatilization of particles and droplets within the plasma plume due to the different vapour pressure of the elements will result in different intensity ratios [6] and (d) spectral lines with high transition probabilities, in particular resonance transitions may cause self absorption which results in saturation of the line intensity [7].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote in situ analytical spectroscopy and its applications in the nuclear industry

Davies

Telle

Williams

1996

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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An experimental system based on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to analyze various ferrous samples. A fibre optic system has been used to transmit the incident laser pulse which produces the plasma plume at the surface of the analyte and to transmit back to a spectrometer the optical radiation emitted by the plasma. The measuring system may therefore be placed remote from the analyte which may be situated in a hostile environment such as an operating nuclear reactor. Results show that the system is capable of detecting chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, silicon and vanadium at concentrations smaller than 5x10(-4) g/g

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Laser microspectral analysis: a review of principles and applications

Cited by 111 publications

References 49 publications

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

Measurement Of Nutrients In Green House Soil With Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Remote in situ analytical spectroscopy and its applications in the nuclear industry

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