Remote in situ analytical spectroscopy and its applications in the nuclear industry

radioactive, high temperature, toxic materials) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], industry [26][27][28][29][30][31], architecture, medical (noninvasive study of human teeth and hair, diagnosis of cancer tissue, DNA analysis) [32][33][34][35][36][37], military and civil security (detection of explosive material and biological weapons) [38][39][40][41][42][43]. Most of these applications are investigated under the condition of earth's atmosphere (i.e., at 760 Torr in air atmosphere) in order to determine the selected material compositions. Nevertheless, interest in LIBS in other ambient gases with various circumstances has been grown because of its practical application. It should be mentioned that nowadays wide applications of gas effects in space exploration (such as utilizing LIBS for investigating specific conditions on Venus and Mars) [4,44,45] are studied. For instance, in scope of gas pressure, the high-pressure environment serves to replicate the conditions of a nuclear reactor or simulate some planet environments [46]. At the opposite, reduced gas pressures or vacuum is applied for determination of isotope ratios [47][48][49], synthesis of nanoparticles and thin films.Different research groups [50][51][52][53][54][55] have investigated the quantitative analysis of plasma parameters and spectral line properties in LIBS technique by considering the influences of gas conditions. For instance, Effenberger et al. [56] have properly presented a review of applications of different gas effects in LIBS experiment. They have comprehensively mentioned the results of various groups about the effects of atmosphere compositions and gas pressures (higher and lower than 760 Torr) on plasma parameters and spectral line characteristics. Dawood et al. [57] have investigated the effects of gas nature and its pressure on temporal distribution of aluminum plasma. They have explained that both plasma temperature and electron density grow with ambient gas pressure. In addition, they have shown that argon provides the highest temperature and plasma density, helium provides the lowest one, and nitrogen produces Abstract In this paper, the influences of He ambient gas on aluminum emissions are investigated by experimental analysis of LIBS spectrum. Plasma is produced by focusing of a Nd:YAG laser pulse at a wavelength of 1064 nm on Al standard samples. In this work, the effects of helium atmosphere at different pressures on the amount of spectral self-absorption are studied. The results are discussed by utilizing two approaches: the curve of growth and calibration curve. It is seen that by increasing the gas pressure, the self-absorption enhances. Also, a new method of applying one standard sample instead of other traditional techniques is introduced for concentration prediction. The presented method would be helpful for the situation in which supplying standard samples is not very easy. Then, the accuracy of this new method can be checked by comparison of concentration prediction of the standard samples with their real concentrations.

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Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Rezaei

Tavassoli

2015

Appl. Phys. B

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“…The plasma produced at each sample point was analyzed to calculate the intensity (unitless), or level of concentration, of each elemental constituent with a known wavelength value. The known wavelength values (nm) for six macro-nutrient variables (Ca, K, Mg, Na, N and P) were identified as follows 4, 620.08. The measured intensities for all wavelengths were averaged for each nutrient to assess the total intensity for each of the six nutrients in every sample point.…”

Section: Wood Chemistry Response To Precipitation Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of High Resolution Laser: Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Environmental and Biological Samples

Martin

Labbé

Wagner

2014

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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This chapter details the application of LIBS in a number of environmental areas of research such as carbon sequestration and climate change. LIBS has also been shown to be useful in other high resolution environmental applications for example, elemental mapping and detection of metals in plant materials. LIBS has also been used in phytoremediation applications. Other biological research involves a detailed understanding of wood chemistry response to precipitation variations and also to forest fires. A cross-section of Mountain pine (pinceae Pinus pungen Lamb.) was scanned using a translational stage to determine the differences in the chemical features both before and after a fire event. Consequently, by monitoring the elemental composition pattern of a tree and by looking for abrupt changes, one can reconstruct the disturbance history of a tree and a forest. Lastly we have shown that multivariate analysis of the LIBS data is necessary to standardize the analysis and correlate to other standard laboratory techniques. LIBS along with multivariate statistical analysis makes it a very powerful technology that can be transferred from laboratory to field applications with ease.

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“…Detection of the plasma emission is performed either by the same optics (Salle, 2007), or by using fi ber optics coupled to the spectrometer (Davies et al ., 1996). However, in the latter case, the collecting optics can be placed far from the sample (several meters) without affecting the effi ciency of detection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Applications of laser spectroscopy in nuclear research and industry

Mauchien

Pailloux

Vercouter

2014

Laser Spectroscopy for Sensing

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Remote in situ analytical spectroscopy and its applications in the nuclear industry

Cited by 43 publications

References 6 publications

Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Applications of High Resolution Laser: Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Environmental and Biological Samples

Applications of laser spectroscopy in nuclear research and industry

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