Laser-machined fibers as Fabry-Perot pressure sensors

Watson, Stuart; Gander, M.J.; MacPherson, William N.; Barton, James S.; Jones, Julian D. C.; Klotzbuecher, Thomas; Braune, Torsten; Ott, Johannes; Schmitz, Felix

doi:10.1364/ao.45.005590

Cited by 47 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Many methods have been developed to fabricate fiberoptic FPIs. These include using conventional hollow-core fiber [3][4][5], chemical etching [7,8], and laser micromachining [9,10]. Recently, FPIs made from hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber [11] and solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) [12] by simply cleaving and splicing have been demonstrated as strain and temperature sensors.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of a Fabry–Perot interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber

Qureshi

et al. 2011

Opt. Lett.

179

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A fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer was constructed by splicing a short length of photonic crystal fiber to a standard single-mode fiber. The photonic crystal fiber functions as a Fabry-Perot cavity and serves as a direct sensing probe without any additional components. Its pressure and temperature responses in the range of 0-40 MPa and 25°C-700°C were experimentally studied. The proposed sensor is easy to fabricate, potentially lowcost, and compact in size, which makes it very attractive for high-pressure and high-temperature sensing applications. . These advantages make them very suitable for deployment in space-limited harsh environments such as turbine engines and power plants and in the oil and gas industry, where pressure and temperature are the two most common measurands [3][4][5][6][7]. Many methods have been developed to fabricate fiberoptic FPIs. These include using conventional hollow-core fiber [3][4][5], chemical etching [7,8], and laser micromachining [9,10]. Recently, FPIs made from hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber [11] and solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) [12] by simply cleaving and splicing have been demonstrated as strain and temperature sensors. The former needs a coating film onto the fiber endface, thereby increasing the complexity of the fabrication process. The latter as a temperature sensor is not stable, because the air holes are exposed to external environment [13].In this Letter, we report a fiber-optic FPI constructed by splicing a solid-core PCF to a standard single-mode fiber (SMF), and the other end of the PCF was collapsed with arc discharge using a fusion splicer. The entire fabrication process was performed using a commercially available fusion splicer. The principle of the FPI sensor is also presented here. We experimentally investigated the high-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of the proposed FPI sensor. Measurements of pressure up to 40 MPa and temperature up to 700°C were carried out. The pressure and temperature coefficients of the FPI sensor were measured to be −5:8 pm=MPa and ∼13 pm=°C, respectively. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical analysis. Figure 1(a) illustrates the experimental setup of our measurement. A broadband source (BBS) centered at 1530 nm is used to illuminate the FPI through an optical circulator. The reflection spectrum of the FPI is observed by an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). Figures 1(b) and 1(c) show the schematic diagram and photograph of the fabricated FPI. A short length of a solid-core PCF (PM-1550-01 by Blaze Photonics) was first spliced to a standard SMF using the technique reported in [14]. Because of the small difference in refractive index between the SMF and the PCF, a mirror with relatively low reflectivity was formed at the fiber interface. The PCF was then cleaved to a length of several millimeters. A second lowreflection mirror at the end of the solid core was formed due to Frésnel reflection. As a result, a relatively weak FPI was constructed with an intensity contrast of ∼6 dB as sh...

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confidence: 99%

High-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of a Fabry–Perot interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber

Qureshi

et al. 2011

Opt. Lett.

179

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“…Passively mode-locked fiber lasers (PMFLs) with ultrashort pulses have attracted much attention because they are compact, robust, and low cost that have been widely used in scientific research and industrial application such as optical communication [1], ultra-fast probing technique [2] and industrial machining [3]. For the generation of robust ultrashort pulse from PMFLs, various saturable absorbers, such as the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) [4], carbon nanotube [5], graphene [6], graphene oxide [7] and various topological insulator like Bi2Se3 [8] and Sb2Te3 [9], are investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiple pulses and harmonic mode locking from passive mode-locked Ytterbium doped fiber in anomalous dispersion region

2015

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In this work, we investigate the passive mode-locked Ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. With the grating pairs inside laser cavity for the GVD compensation, the total cavity dispersion is operated within anomalous dispersion region. As the laser operates at fundamental mode locking, it generates 35 MHz repetition rate mode-locked pulse with 3.3 ps pulsewidth and the optical spectrum reveals obvious Kelly side. After adjusting the waveplate or increase the pump power, the 2 nd HML to 6 th harmonic mode locking (HML) is demonstrated in this laser. Besides, we also generated the bound states of multiple solitons whose separation of each pulse is about several tens of picosecond. The number of solitons and the separation between sequential pulses could be controlled so that it could be used in optical communication.,

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“…The continued progress in fiber pumping techniques, advanced fiber designs, and fabrication processes, as well as the availability of high-power pump diodes, has assisted in the development of high-power fiber lasers [1][2][3][4][5]. Fiber lasers have found applications in temperature and strain sensors [6][7][8][9][10][11], medical diagnostics [12][13][14], and industrial processing [15]. High-power fiber lasers using erbium-ytterbium codoped fibers as the gain medium, which operates in the eye-safe (1.5 μm to 1.6 μm) spectral range, can now compete with traditional solid-state bulk lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Single-Longitudinal-Mode High-Power Fiber Laser

Valiunas

Das²

2012

International Journal of Optics

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We report a novel CW tunable high-power single-longitudinal-mode fiber laser with a linewidth of ∼9 MHz. A tunable fiber Bragg grating provided wavelength selection over a 10 nm range. An all-fiber Fabry-Perot filter was used to increase the longitudinal mode spacing of the laser cavity. An unpumped polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber was used inside the cavity to eliminate mode hopping and increase stability. A maximum output power of 300 mW was produced while maintaining single-longitudinalmode operation.

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Laser-machined fibers as Fabry-Perot pressure sensors

Cited by 47 publications

References 15 publications

High-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of a Fabry–Perot interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber

High-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of a Fabry–Perot interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber

Multiple pulses and harmonic mode locking from passive mode-locked Ytterbium doped fiber in anomalous dispersion region

Tunable Single-Longitudinal-Mode High-Power Fiber Laser

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