Laser line triangulation for fast 3D measurements on large gears

Auerswald, Matthias Marcus; Freyberg, Axel von; Fischer, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s00170-018-2636-z

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Also, influences of the surface tilt, the curvature of the gear, and the surface properties are not discussed. 3D gear shape measurement principles based on laser line triangulation sensors are described by Auerswald et al in 2019 and Guo et al in 2020 [ 8 , 10 ]. Auerswald et al investigated the laser line triangulation measurements on large helical gears.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gear Shape Measurement Potential of Laser Triangulation and Confocal-Chromatic Distance Sensors

Pillarz

Freyberg

Stöbener

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The demand for extensive gear shape measurements with single-digit µm uncertainty is growing. Tactile standard gear tests are precise but limited in speed. Recently, faster optical gear shape measurement systems have been examined. Optical gear shape measurements are challenging due to potential deviation sources such as the tilt angles between the surface normal and the sensor axis, the varying surface curvature, and the surface properties. Currently, the full potential of optical gear shape measurement systems is not known. Therefore, laser triangulation and confocal-chromatic gear shape measurements using a lateral scanning position measurement approach are studied. As a result of tooth flank standard measurements, random effects due to surface properties are identified to primarily dominate the achievable gear shape measurement uncertainty. The standard measurement uncertainty with the studied triangulation sensor amounts to >10 µm, which does not meet the requirements. The standard measurement uncertainty with the confocal-chromatic sensor is <6.5 µm. Furthermore, measurements on a spur gear show that multiple reflections do not influence the measurement uncertainty when measuring with the lateral scanning position measurement approach. Although commercial optical sensors are not designed for optical gear shape measurements, standard uncertainties of <10 µm are achievable for example with the applied confocal-chromatic sensor, which indicates the further potential for optical gear shape measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gear Shape Measurement Potential of Laser Triangulation and Confocal-Chromatic Distance Sensors

Pillarz

Freyberg

Stöbener

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Non-contact methods enable quick point acquisition and are being used increasingly. A common optical method for getting a point cloud is with interferometric sensors, which are precise but slow [18]. Laser line triangulation is faster and frequently used [19].…”

Section: Optical Inspection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmented Reality Aided Inspection of Gears

et al. 2021

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For precisely produced polymer gears with a fast turnaround, reliable and easy inspection is crucial. The research project includes determining geometrical parameters and proposes a new parameter, which includes the absolute deviation of the gear from the designed model. The new parameter can be used to determine the shrinkage of the polymer gears and is used as feedback to the design process through augmented reality aided inspection. The inspection process begins with acquiring an optical scan, which captures the geometry of the whole gear. It includes a comparison to the CAD model. Using model-based definition, the measures and tolerances from the design phase are transferred to the inspection through STEP AP 242. During the inspection, the gear is evaluated if it is in accordance with the prescribed tolerances. The results are used as feedback to the design process through augmented reality, which enables a clear presentation of the results on the actual object. The presentation gives a direction where big shrinkage occurs and shows how much the mould design needs to be changed. The results include the colour map of the deviation, standard geometrical parameters, the shrinkage parameter, and the measure/tolerance check.

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“…The measuring system is also not intended for scalable large gear measurements. Measurement concepts for gear measurements based on laser line triangulation sensors were presented in [ 11 , 12 ]. Auerswald et al presented in 2019 a laser line triangulation approach for large helical gear measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gear Shape Parameter Measurement Using a Model-Based Scanning Multi-Distance Measurement Approach

Pillarz

Freyberg

Fischer

2020

Sensors

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To reduce wind turbine failures by defective drive trains, deviations in the geometry of large gears (diameter ≳ 1 m) must be extensively determined with single-digit micrometer uncertainties. Fixed measuring volumes limit standard measuring methods like coordinate and gear measuring instruments for large gear measurements. Therefore, a model-based scanning multi-distance measurement approach for gear shape parameters is presented. The measurement approach has a scalable design and consists of a confocal-chromatic sensor, rotary table as a scanning unit and model-based signal processing. A preliminary study on a midsize spur gear demonstrates the general feasibility of the model-based scanning multi-distance measurement approach. As a result, the mean base circle radius as the fundamental gear shape parameter is determined with an uncertainty of <5 μm. The calibration and adjustment of the sensor arrangement were performed with a known calibration gear. Scalability is not experimentally validated in this article. However, simulations verify the scalability of the measurement approach in a first step. For gears with 1 m in diameter and varying tooth flank geometries, the estimated achievable uncertainty of the mean base circle radius is still <5 μm. Therefore, the model-based scanning multi-distance measurement approach is a promising alternative for gear inspection.

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Laser line triangulation for fast 3D measurements on large gears

Cited by 41 publications

References 29 publications

Gear Shape Measurement Potential of Laser Triangulation and Confocal-Chromatic Distance Sensors

Gear Shape Measurement Potential of Laser Triangulation and Confocal-Chromatic Distance Sensors

Augmented Reality Aided Inspection of Gears

Gear Shape Parameter Measurement Using a Model-Based Scanning Multi-Distance Measurement Approach

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