Gear Shape Measurement Potential of Laser Triangulation and Confocal-Chromatic Distance Sensors

Pillarz, Marc; Freyberg, Axel von; Stöbener, Dirk; Fischer, Andreas

doi:10.3390/s21030937

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The optical methods are highly efficient in measurement and can obtain richer information about tooth surface, which is an important approach to achieve rapid on-line inspection of gears [8,9]. Researchers within the industry have proposed different solutions to achieve rapid gear measurement using optical sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method combining laser and vision detection for on-line measurement of small modules gears

Yu,

Li,

Sun

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Intelligent production of small modulus powder metallurgy gearing requires rapid and accurate measurement to ensure product quality. Currently, the contact measurement method exemplified by gear measuring centers lack efficiency and require gear mounting reference, which prevent them from meeting the requirements for on-line inspection of small modulus gears. Therefore, an optical method of gears was intensively researched. It combined the advantages of laser and vision inspection, which meet the requirements for accuracy and efficiency in on-line inspection. Based on the measurement principle of the line laser sensor and vision camera, a model of the measurement system was established; a standard block was designed to calibrate the system. The surface data of tooth flank were acquired by laser scanning and evaluated to analyze the accuracy. The result of method was validated by comparison with the gear measurement center. Both are of good agreement. Sufficient experiments verify the feasibility of proposed method for on-line inspection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method combining laser and vision detection for on-line measurement of small modules gears

Yu,

Li,

Sun

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…They proposed a criterion for the bottom cut of profile distortion and derived a theoretical model based on the generating principle of the shaping tool, employing a series of discrete point-set pitch curves. Pillarz et al [ 10 ] investigated the use of laser triangulation and confocal color gear shape measurement through a transverse scanning position measurement method, effectively addressing the issue of limited measurement accuracy in gear shaping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-speed gear reshaping method for electric vehicles combining the effects of input torque and speed variation

Liu,

Wei,

Wang

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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In this study, we introduce an optimization method for high-speed gear trimming in electric vehicles, focusing on variations in input torque and speed. This approach is designed to aid in vibration suppression in electric vehicle gears. We initially use Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) and Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis (LTCA) to investigate meshing point localization, considering changes in gear tooth surface and deformations due to load. Based on impact mechanics theory, we then derive a formula for the maximum impact force. A 12-degree-of-freedom bending-torsion-axis coupled dynamic model for the helical gear drive in the gearbox’s input stage is developed using the centralized mass method, allowing for an extensive examination of high-speed gear vibration characteristics. Through a genetic algorithm, we optimize the tooth profile and tooth flank parabolic modification coefficients, resulting in optimal vibration-suppressing tooth surfaces. Experimental results under various input torques and speeds demonstrate that the overall vibration amplitude is stable and lower than that of conventional gear shaping methods. Specifically, the root mean square of vibration acceleration along the meshing line under different conditions is 58.02 m/s2 and 20.33 m/s2, respectively. The vibration acceleration in the direction of the meshing line is 20.33 m/s2 and 20.02 m/s2 under varying torques and speeds, with 20.33 m/s2 being the lowest. Furthermore, the average magnitude of the meshing impact force is significantly reduced to 5015.2. This high-speed gear reshaping method not only enhances gear dynamics and reliability by considering changes in input torque and speed but also effectively reduces vibration in electric vehicle gear systems. The study provides valuable insights and methodologies for the design and optimization of electric vehicle gears, focusing on comprehensive improvement in dynamic performance.

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“…The effect on the measurement results caused by the installation error of a gear has also been investigated [8,9]. Moreover, optical and visual methods for gear measurement have been widely used, which offer unique advantages in terms of micro-mini gear measurement, non-contact measurement, measurement for full tooth surface information and measurement efficiency [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect on the measurement for gear involute profile caused by the error of probe position

Ling¹,

Ling²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Gear involute artefact is a kind of measurement standard used to calibrate the involute measuring instruments. To measure the profile deviation of gear involute artefact more accurately, the effect on the measurement for gear involute profile caused by the error of probe position is considered, the value of profile deviations would be affected and the measurement curve of profile deviations would be compressed or stretched along the roll path length caused by the error of probe position. Moreover, about 60% of the measurement errors are concentrated within the involute root of roll path length ρ=0~5 mm. Based on above research, an adjustment method for probe position with the double roller-guide involute measuring instrument is proposed and measurement experiments are carried out by probes with probe radius ro =0.5 mm, 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm. As the error of probe position e>0, the curve of profile deviations at the root of involute is biased towards the body. As the error of probe position e<0, part curve of profile deviations at the root of the involute is biased towards the body but the profile deviation curve near the base circle is biased out of the body caused by the interference of the transition surface, and the measurement curve of profile deviations at the root of involute is significantly compressed. These errors decrease as the probe radius increases and the error of probe position decreases. The difference of profile slope deviations and profile form deviations measured by the three probes after adjustment is 0.11 μm and 0.04 μm respectively, which indicates the feasibility of the probe adjustment method described above. The research supports the machining and measurement of high-precision gear involute artefact.

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Gear Shape Measurement Potential of Laser Triangulation and Confocal-Chromatic Distance Sensors

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

A method combining laser and vision detection for on-line measurement of small modules gears

A method combining laser and vision detection for on-line measurement of small modules gears

A high-speed gear reshaping method for electric vehicles combining the effects of input torque and speed variation

Effect on the measurement for gear involute profile caused by the error of probe position

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