Laser-Based Systems for Standoff Detection of CWA: A Short Review

Jindal, Mukesh Kumar; Mainuddin, Mainuddin; Veerabuthiran, S.; Razdan, A. K.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.3030672

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Chemical warfare agent simulants are recently developed, and they mimic the actual CWAs carrying all the relevant chemical and physical properties without accompanying their toxicological properties. Vinod Kumar et al 5 . reported the development of CWAs, their toxicity, and first usage as weapons worldwide.…”

Section: Hazardous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible SERS substrates for hazardous materials detection: recent advances

Moram¹,

Soma²

2021

OEA

151

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This article reviews the most recent advances in the development of flexible substrates used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platforms for detecting several hazardous materials (e.g., explosives, pesticides, drugs, and dyes). Different flexible platforms such as papers/filter papers, fabrics, polymer nanofibers, and cellulose fibers have been investigated over the last few years and their SERS efficacies have been evaluated. We start with an introduction of the importance of hazardous materials trace detection followed by a summary of different SERS methodologies with particular attention on flexible substrates and their advantages over the nanostructures and nanoparticle-based solid/hybrid substrates. The potential of flexible SERS substrates, in conjunction with a simple portable Raman spectrometer, is the power to enable practical/on-field/point of interest applications primarily because of their low-cost and easy sampling.

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Section: Hazardous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible SERS substrates for hazardous materials detection: recent advances

Moram¹,

Soma²

2021

OEA

151

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“…In addition to using onboard hardware and soware capabilities of the smartphone, we integrated connective aspects of the data process into our carbofuran detection system, including weather and GPS features and created a report output that was uploaded to a central website. 27,28…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper-based colorimetric sensor using Photoshop and a smartphone app for the quantitative detection of carbofuran

Wu,

Huang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Anal. Methods

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“…Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is an efficient technique to realize the nonlinear expansion of laser spectrum, based on flexible combinations of various pump wavelengths with different Raman frequency shifts of gain media. , Compared with other nonlinear methods such as differential frequency generation and optical parametric oscillation (OPO), SRS has the advantages of good beam quality, excellent energy (and power) scalability, high conversion efficiency, easy alignment, etc., which enables it with the potential for the generation of high-energy and high-power lasers. − SRS with gaseous media has been extensively used in medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, optical communication, defense technology, etc. due to its low price, high chemical purity, wide optical transmission range, and especially the high breakdown threshold. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibiting Effect of Topological Charge on Laser-Induced Breakdown of Gases: Miniaturization of an SRS Laser with Vortex Raman Outputs

Sun,

Jia,

Cai

et al. 2024

ACS Photonics

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Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) lasers equipped with bulky gas cells have been widely criticized. The special "donut″-shaped intensity distribution of vortex light (VL) is expected to reduce the pump laser intensity, suppress laser-induced breakdown, and fulfill the laser miniaturization. In this work, spiral phase plates of different topological charges (l = 1,2,4) have been employed to convert the l = 0 flattened Gaussian beam (FGB) into VLs, which served as pump sources. Lenses with focal lengths of F = 1000, 400, and 200 mm were chosen and coupled with Raman cells of L = 1.8, 0.9, and 0.23 m, respectively, to investigate the effects of l on photon conversion efficiency (PCE), beam quality, and the output orbital angular momentums (OAMs). The optimal l under different focusing parameters was proved to be dependent on the pump energy and gas pressure. By focusing the l = +4 laser via an F = 200 mm lens into a L = 0.23 m Raman cell, a first-order Stokes (S1) PCE of up to 61.5% was achieved at a pump energy of 62.1 mJ, which is comparable with the 66.4% obtained with an F = 1000 mm lens focusing the l = 0 FGB in a L = 1.8 m cell. Next, the S1 Raman beam quality at high pressure was verified to be significantly improved from β o0 = 6.3 (l = 0) to β o2 = 3.6 (l = 2) at 0.8 MPa H 2 . Furthermore, moduli and signs of average Raman OAMs were visualized with an F = 1.5 m cylindrical lens, and the results verified the law of OAM conservation in our SRS scheme.

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Laser-Based Systems for Standoff Detection of CWA: A Short Review

Cited by 21 publications

References 57 publications

Flexible SERS substrates for hazardous materials detection: recent advances

Flexible SERS substrates for hazardous materials detection: recent advances

Paper-based colorimetric sensor using Photoshop and a smartphone app for the quantitative detection of carbofuran

Inhibiting Effect of Topological Charge on Laser-Induced Breakdown of Gases: Miniaturization of an SRS Laser with Vortex Raman Outputs

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