Laser-Based Detection Methods for Explosives

Munson, Chase A.; Gottfried, Jennifer L.; Lucia, Jr. De; C., McNesby Frank; L., Miziolek Kevin; Andrzej, W.

doi:10.21236/ada474060

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Real time detection of explosives and explosive devices continues to represent a major challenge for US and allied military forces in conflict areas throughout the world. Over the last decade or so, there have been a number of review articles that have addressed this subject from a variety of perspectives [1][2][3][4][5][6]. One of the clear outcomes from this body of work is that the ability to deter, predict, detect, respond to, and mitigate both improvised as well as conventional explosive threats is an issue from both a military and homeland security perspective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Explosives represent only one area of concern, as the same sensing technology could be easily adaptable to the general class of threat agents that includes nuclear, biological, and environmental toxins. The ideal detection system for threat agents, whether these threats are explosives, chemical and biological agents, or illicit drugs, would possess high sensitivity (i.e., be capable of detecting threats present only at trace levels), be able to discern a threat amidst a real world background, possess a standoff capability, be straightforward to operate, and possess a real time sensing potential [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. This last operational criterion will be critical whether the sensor is deployed at a military checkpoint, for airport security, or for any other domestic application where impeding the flow of commerce is an issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, there have been a number of review articles, books, and treatises that have focused on this powerful spectroscopic technique [20,21]. There have also been a number of reviews that have focused on Raman scattering and laser-induced-breakdown spectroscopic (LIBS) methods for standoff sensing applications [1][2][3][4][5][6]22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standoff Methods for the Detection of Threat Agents: A Review of Several Promising Laser-Based Techniques

Johnson¹,

Allen²,

Merten³

et al. 2014

Journal of Spectroscopy

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Detection of explosives, explosive precursors, or other threat agents presents a number of technological challenges for optical sensing methods. Certainly detecting trace levels of threat agents against a complex background is chief among these challenges; however, the related issues of multiple target distances (from standoff to proximity) and sampling time scales (from passive mines to rapid rate of march convoy protection) for different applications make it unlikely that a single technique will be ideal for all sensing situations. A number of methods for spanning the range of optical sensor technologies exist which, when integrated, could produce a fused sensor system possessing a high level of sensitivity to threat agents and a moderate standoff real-time capability appropriate for portal screening of personnel or vehicles. In this work, we focus on several promising, and potentially synergistic, laser-based methods for sensing threat agents. For each method, we have briefly outlined the technique and report on the current level of capability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Standoff Methods for the Detection of Threat Agents: A Review of Several Promising Laser-Based Techniques

Johnson¹,

Allen²,

Merten³

et al. 2014

Journal of Spectroscopy

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show abstract

“…Several methods of standoff detection of explosive traces on surfaces of objects, such as Raman spectroscopy [9 - 12], laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [9 - 12, 14], and laserinduced fluorescence of photofragmentation/photodissociation products (PF - LIF, PD - LIF) [9,11,15] have already been tested under real conditions and are currently considered to be the most mature and advanced technologies. At the same time, none of these methods satisfy in full measure the requirements to standoff sensor devices [9 - 11, 13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active spectral imaging for standoff detection of explosives

Skvortsov¹

2011

Quantum Electron.

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Laser methods of standoff detection of explosive traces on surfaces of objects are considered. These methods are based on active formation of multi-and hyperspectral images of an object examined. The possibilities of these methods and the prospects of their development are discussed. Emphasis is laid on the justification of the most preferred field of application of the technique under consideration.

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“…5 On site detection, using screening tests and/or mobile detectors is of particular interest in environmental studies as such methods could allow for early enough detection to prevent pollutants from entering groundwater systems from soils. 5 A considerable research effort has been made to develop onsite detection techniques using such established methods as color screening tests, 6 immunoassays and sensors, [7][8][9][10][11] electrochemical detection , 11,12 laser detection, 13 ion mobility spectrometry, 14,15 and canine olfactory sensing . 16 More recently, former military munitions testing sites have become of interest in terms of assessing the levels of contamination 17,18 and identifying the need for and most effective avenue of remediation.…”

Section: History Of Environmental Explosives Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental forensics for characterization of unexploded ordnance in soils at the Dolly Sods Wilderness Area

Aylor¹

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ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE IN SOILS AT THE DOLLY SODS WILDERNESS AREA by Amy Richmond Aylor The West Virginia Maneuver Area includes locations within the Dolly Sods Wilderness Area, the Canaan Valley National Wildlife Recreation Area, and private land holdings in Grant, Randolph, and Tucker counties of West Virginia. Between 1943 and 1944, the military trained troops in a 50,000 acre area which is now the Dolly Sods Wilderness area. This training was conducted by the U.S. Department of the Army and involved artillery and mortar training for troops destined for World War II combat in the mountains of Italy. This project focused on characterization and investigation of the environmental contamination resulting from military ordnance existing within areas of the West Virginia Maneuver Area, including the Dolly Sods Wilderness Area-North, Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge, and private land holdings in Canaan Valley, West Virginia. Field sampling campaigns were performed in July and August 2007. Field sampling procedures followed USEPA Method 8330b multi-increment sampling. Concentrations of explosive residues and their degradation products are reported for soils retrieved from these areas and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV-vis detection. The combination of RDX/HMX was found to be present in soils on the surface and to a depth of at least 20.3 cm (8 in.) in this research. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Suzanne Bell for supporting the many pursuits that have comprised my journey as a graduate student. Her enthusiasm for education (and life) certainly kept the days interesting. Without her patience and efforts, my graduate education would not be what it is. I sincerely appreciate the guidance Dr. John Quaranta has offered throughout this project. His level of organization held the work together on many occasions and his gentle wisdom and demeanor have provided me with much inspiration. Without his dedication and participation, I would not have had the opportunity to be a part of such a worthy endeavor. I would also like to thank the third member of my thesis committee, Dr. Keith Morris, for his advice, his constructive criticism, and (of course) his song. Without the pleasure of his company and service, my time at West Virginia University would not have been quite the experience it has been. I would like to thank my husband, Will, our canine charges, Vedder and Fredo, and our son, Maddock, for providing the motivation to see this pursuit through, the support at the end of each day during the process, and the purpose for attempting each new endeavor to come. I would also like to thank my parents, Paul and Julie Richmond, my siblings, Mike Richmond and Tracy Gomer, and my nephew, Christopher Gomer for their constant presence, unconditional love, and never-wielding patience. I am overwhelmed with the good fortune to be part of such a special and invaluable family. I could never have accomplished this research wit...

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Laser-Based Detection Methods for Explosives

Cited by 13 publications

References 109 publications

Standoff Methods for the Detection of Threat Agents: A Review of Several Promising Laser-Based Techniques

Standoff Methods for the Detection of Threat Agents: A Review of Several Promising Laser-Based Techniques

Active spectral imaging for standoff detection of explosives

Environmental forensics for characterization of unexploded ordnance in soils at the Dolly Sods Wilderness Area

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