Las primeras experiencias de desmonte y traslado de monumentos en Francia y España.

Abstract

A medida que se ha ido afianzando la teoría de la restauración y de la conservación del patrimonio cultural, se ha tomado conciencia de la estrecha relación entre el monumento y su emplazamiento original, su entorno ambiental y su trascendencia en el territorio. El traslado supone alterar esa relación y ese equilibrio, provoca el desarraigo del bien cultural y altera sus valores materiales e inmateriales. Por ese motivo, los documentos internacionales y la legislación de muchos países señalan que el desplazamiento debe constituir una operación excepcional, y que siempre debe llevarse a cabo después de haber descartado cualquier otra posibilidad de salvar al monumento o de conservarlo en su lugar.

Learning from the past. The loss of vernacular heritage in the interest of hydropower development in Spain

“…The Visigoth church San Pedro de la Nave, considered National Monument since 1912, was located in a village called Nave, one of the villages that disappeared after the building of Ricobayo. Before the works started, a debate was established between those who argued that the church should be relocated -for instance, José Ramón Mélida and the Spanish Royal Academy of History -and those who thought that the reservoir should prevail (García Cuetos, 2019).…”

“…The dismantling, relocation and remounting of this temple in El Campillo were managed by the architect Alejandro Ferrant, Manuel Gómez-Moreno, who was the Directorate of Fine Arts, and the archeologist Emilio Camps (Esteban and García, 2007) and meant one of the most relevant preservation highlights in Spain at the beginning of the 20 th century. In addition, this situation was also considered a magnificent opportunity to study the building in depth -its constructive phases were analysed, and a proposal of its historical stratification and possible original layout was established (García Cuetos, 2019). -and also to restore it (Esteban & García).…”

“…To fulfil this complex and unprecedented endeavour a systematic method was developed. It consisted of elaborating preliminary studies in which every stone block was drawn and also numbered, so that it was possible to know their exact location depending on the building area, course and orientation variables (García Cuetos, 2019). Then, the dismantling, stone by stone, was carried out in two different stages from August 1930to April 1931(Esteban & García, 2007 and, after the relocation of the blocks in El Campillo, it was finally remounted and restored.…”