Las comunidades campesinas en la cultura castreña

Ramos, Francisco Javier Sánchez-Palencia; Fernández-Posse, María Dolores

doi:10.3989/tp.1998.v55.i2.307

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Similar arguments can be extended back to evidence for warfare among chiefdoms (Carneiro 1981, Earle 1997. Among chiefdoms, the evidence for warfare takes two contrasting forms: the development of a warrior elite with an elaborate set of fighting equipment, and the development of heavily fortified settlements (Collis 1982;Earle 1991Earle , 1997Fernández-Posse & Sánchez-Palencia 1998;Gilman 1998). Contrast in types of chiefly warfare may reflect different power strategies, each linked to different types of property-a network strategy, as warrior elite raid moveable wealth in prestige goods, vs a corporate strategy, as groups and their leaders assert control over agricultural facilities like terraces and irrigation systems.…”

Section: To Describe Property Rights Archaeologicallymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use rights in a plot were held for as long as it was farmed by the individuals who improved it. Household tenure is private for all intents and purposes (Adler 1996, Fernández-Posse & Sánchez-Palencia 1998, Netting 1993, except of course that the land cannot be alienated outside of the group. Lands are often marked by special boundary ceremonies, fencing, placement of villages, and/or cemeteries associated with the communities (Johnson & Earle 1987).…”

Section: Cases Of Property Regimes With An Evolutionary Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Archaeology, Property, and Prehistory

Earle

2000

Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

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Key Words landed vs moveable property, institutional vs private property, territoriality, alienation, marking s Abstract Property determines exclusive rights to things. It is a key theoretical concept in the social sciences and a material reality in human societies. Since the defining work of Lewis Henry Morgan, property has been studied by anthropologists interested in human economies, societies, and social evolution. Cross-cultural studies suggest systematic associations of contrasting property rights with particular characteristics of social institutions and resource developments. From the works of Childe, Adams, and Renfrew, archaeologists have considered property as related to ecological concepts of territoriality and to Marxist concepts of control and alienation. Techniques to study property archaeologically included patterns of labor investment, warfare, settlement distributions, and physical marking. Although each technique is open to alternative interpretations, combining the techniques provides a robust description of property regimes in prehistory.

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Section: To Describe Property Rights Archaeologicallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cases Of Property Regimes With An Evolutionary Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeology, Property, and Prehistory

Earle

2000

Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

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“…It is interesting to notice that it appears in a phase of increasing sedentarization and territorialisation and it can be in some way related to these changes (Bettencourt, , 2000bGonzález-Ruibal, 2003). The cultivation of spring crops -as catch crops -is an important strategy to prevent famine in case of any setback affecting the winter crops (Vázquez Varela, 1993Varela, -1994Fernández-Posse and Sánchez-Palencia, 1998). Still, although Panicum miliaceum is the first clear evidence for spring cultivation, one cannot exclude the possibility that other species such as naked wheat and hulled barley were used as spring crops.…”

Section: Bronze Age Crops According To Carpological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture in NW Iberia during the Bronze Age: A review of archaeobotanical data

Tereso

Bettencourt

Rego³

et al. 2016

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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The wide and diverse array of palaeoenvironmental studies that were carried out in Northwestern Iberia indicate that the Bronze Age corresponds to a phase of great landscape changes. Strong deforestation and erosion episodes are key-features and they are usually assumed to be anthropogenic. The archaeological and archaeobotanical records demonstrate that these trends are coincident with modifications on settlement pattern and agricultural systems. This work consists on a thorough revision of carpological data from 19 Bronze Age sites in order to understand agricultural practices in the region in this time period. Results reveal the increasing relevance of Panicum miliaceum and decreasing presence of naked barley which contrast with the previous periods. Carpological remains are not available in Early Bronze Age sites. Middle Bronze Age crops include naked and hulled forms of barley (Hordeum spp.) and wheat (Triticum spp.). Only one site provided occasional grains of Panicum miliaceum. Non-cereal crops are rare and comprise Linum, Papaver, Pisum sativum and Vicia faba. Still, there are few Middle Bronze Age sites with crop macroremains. Late Bronze Age sites with carpological remains of crops are more abundant but no new crop is added. This is the phase when Panicum miliaceum became a conspicuous crop in regional agricultural strategies. Overall, a small diversity of pulses is recorded throughout the Bronze Age, contrasting with other Iberian regions. Acorns (Quercus) are the only wild fruits consistently present in the archaeological sites and they probably had some relevance within the regional subsistence. It was possible to detect changes on settlement and agricultural levels and suggest how these are related to environmental and social changes. It is argued that agricultural productivity increased and pits were the main storage facilities used by Bronze Age communities. Although these structures are abundant in several sites, caution is needed while interpreting them and their fills. Only in one site -Freixo -remains of crops were found in primary deposition in a storage pit. Increasing agricultural productivity, including functionally diverse winter and spring crops seems to have been connected to settlement diversification. This trend may have led to a more complementary and profuse use of local resources, enhancing the anthropogenic changes in the landscape mentioned above. This was a further step in the territorialisation process that would eventually lead to the complex scenario recorded in the Iron Age.

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“…La clara modificación en los patrones formales y de emplazamiento de los yacimientos es nada más que un reflejo de una alteración importante en las formas de ocupar y explotar el medio, que a su vez habría implicado un cambio en los modos de conceptualizarlo. La esencia de ese cambio sería la plena conformación del campesinado, en la forma en que éste se ha definido en otros lugares para el mundo castreño (Parcero, 1995;Fernández-Posse y Sánchez Palencia, 1998).…”

Section: Síntesis: Las Dos Edades Del Hierrounclassified

Tres para dos. Las formas de poblamiento en la Edad del Hierro del Noroeste Ibérico

Parcero‐Oubiña

2000

Trab. prehist.

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Se realiza un detallado análisis locacional de los poblados cástrenos de un área de Galicia según una propuesta metodológica apoyada en el empleo de Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Con ello se distinguen dos modelos de situación de los yacimientos, que se corresponden con diferencias en los rasgos formales de los propios castros. Esto permite establecer una secuencia de 'desarrollo cultural' alternativa a las tres fases tradicionales, articulada en una Primera Edad del Hierro bien diferenciada de la aparente continuidad entre la Segunda Edad del Hierro y la época de ocupación romana. Para terminar, tomando como eje argumentai datos del yacimiento de Alto do Castro, se discute la opción alternativa de la larga continuidad en la ocupación de un mismo punto y se muestra que no es contradictoria con la secuencia histórica propuesta. Esto permite además valorar la representatividad de los resultados obtenidos en el área elegida. ABSTRACT

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Las comunidades campesinas en la cultura castreña

Cited by 51 publications

References 3 publications

Archaeology, Property, and Prehistory

Archaeology, Property, and Prehistory

Agriculture in NW Iberia during the Bronze Age: A review of archaeobotanical data

Tres para dos. Las formas de poblamiento en la Edad del Hierro del Noroeste Ibérico

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