Larval species composition and genetic structures ofCarposina sasakii,Grapholita dimorpha, andGrapholita molestafrom Korea

Abstract

Rapid determination of the larval species composition and understanding of their genetic structure is important to establish the appropriate management system for multiple species infesting in fruits. We established accurate and rapid diagnostic methods based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic techniques to discriminate the three major lepidopteran species in orchard, Carposina sasakii, Grapholita dimorpha, and Grapholita molesta. Each species was identified by amplifying species-specific PCR products (375 bp for C. sasakii, 125 and 234 bp for G. dimorpha, and 125 bp for G. molesta). Based on species composition analysis from six types of infested fruits, G. dimorpha constituted the highest proportion (47.8%), followed by 35.2 and 13.5% for G. molesta and C. sasakii, respectively. Interestingly, high prevalence was found in G. dimorpha and G. molesta for plum and peach, respectively. Based on genetic diversity analysis, the three insect species exhibited moderate or high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity, ranging from 0.319 to 0.699 and 0.0006 to 0.0045, respectively. Demographic expansion was not detected according to either a neutrality test or mismatch distribution analysis. Moreover, no significant genetic structure corresponding to province, host plant, fruit type, or collection period was observed. These results suggest that the population of each species would have high dispersal ability following fruit-generating periods via intrinsic host adaptation ability regardless of the spatial and temporal conditions. Determination of larval composition on fruit is valuable for establishing appropriate management systems that take the species into consideration; additionally, population genetic approaches can be utilized to understand the effects of environmental factors (province, host fruit, fruit type, etc.) on population structures.

Similar Gut Bacterial Microbiota in Two Fruit-Feeding Moth Pests Collected from Different Host Species and Locations

“…Larvae of both these species bore into and feed on fruit, while OFM can also bore into tree shoots prior to pupation. These species usually co-occur in the same orchard and sometimes on the same fruit [25][26][27]. The concealed lifestyle and wide range of host plants used by these species make them useful to understand factors affecting their gut microbiota.…”

Integrated management of tortricid pests of tree fruit

“…Several molecular genetic tools have been developed that facilitate identification of these internal feeding fruit pests relevant to quarantine, importation and management situations. DNA barcoding via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mCOI) have been utilized for this purpose (Barcenas et al 2009;Chen and Dorn 2009;Kwon et al 2018). qRT-PCR assay of ribosomal RNA has also been used for diagnostic identification of LBAM in North America (Barr et al 2011).…”

Chromosome-level genome of the peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) provides a resource for evolutionary studies on moths

“…PFM is one of the most severe borers on deciduous fruit in northeast Asia. It is also considered a potential risk to fruit production in most parts of the world, although PFM is currently restricted to northeast Asia and far east Russia (D. Kwon, Kwon, Kim, & Yang, 2018;Y. Z. Wang et al, 2017).…”