Integrated management of tortricid pests of tree fruit

Knight, A. L.; Judd, Gary J. R.; Gilligan, Todd M.; Fuentes‐Contreras, Eduardo; Walker, William B.

doi:10.19103/as.2019.0046.19

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 298 publications

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“…Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a key world-wide pest of apple, Malus domestica L., pear, Pyrus spp., quince, Cydonia oblonga Mill., and walnut, Juglans regia L. [ 1 , 2 ]. The chemical ecology of the codling moth has been well investigated with several applications adopted by growers on a global scale for both monitoring and direct management [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of New Kairomone-Based Lures for Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Italy and USA

Preti

Knight²,

Favaro

et al. 2021

Insects

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Studies were conducted during the period 2019/2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of four lures for codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) in pome fruits in Italy and the USA. Multi-component blends of sex pheromone ((E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, PH), pear ester ((E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate, PE), (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), and pyranoid linalool oxide (6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyloxan-3-ol, LOX) were loaded in either a halobutyl elastomer septum or a PVC matrix and always used in combination with acetic acid (AA) loaded in a closed membrane co-lure. Total moth capture was significantly greater with the PVC than the septum lure loaded with PH/PE + AA in both countries. Female capture in the USA study was significantly greater for 8 weeks in traps baited with the PE/DMNT/LOX blend + AA co-lure than with other lures and adding PH to this blend in a PVC lure significantly reduced female capture. In contrast, female capture in Italy did not differ among lures and counts were similar in both apple and pear crops treated with or without mating disruption. These results suggest that the effectiveness of ‘female removal’ strategies to manage codling moth may be geographically limited and further comparisons are needed in other production regions and in walnut.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of New Kairomone-Based Lures for Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Italy and USA

Preti

Knight²,

Favaro

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…The first attempt at using semiochemicals to control a mirid bug investigated small‐scale mating disruption of Campylomma verbasci 42 and there has been little progress since. In recent years, advances have been made in the identification of a range of mirid sex pheromones (see El‐Sayed 43 ), opening up opportunities to manipulate mirid behaviour in crops akin to Lepidopteran damage limitation by semiochemicals in past decades (Knight et al 44 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effective ‘push–pull’ control strategy for European tarnished plant bug, Lygus rugulipennis (Heteroptera: Miridae), in strawberry using synthetic semiochemicals

Fountain

Deakin

Farman

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND European tarnished plant bug, Lygus rugulipennis (Heteroptera: Miridae), is a polyphagous pest damaging a range of arable and horticultural crops. Management is reliant upon chemical insecticides for control. These studies developed a synthetic semiochemical push–pull control strategy to reduce numbers of L. rugulipennis and subsequent fruit damage in UK strawberry crops. Using a series of small field experiments and testing in commercial strawberry crops we explored the efficacy of hexyl butyrate (HB) as the push element and female sex pheromone combined with phenylacetaldehyde as the pull element. RESULTS HB dispensers placed 1.0, 3.5, 5.0 and 7.0 m from all‐green Unitraps baited with L. rugulipennis female sex pheromone significantly reduced male catches by 99%, 54%, 44% and 20% compared with untreated control, respectively. Subsequently, in commercial crops, HB dispensers at 2‐m intervals along the crop row (the push) combined with a perimeter pull reduced numbers of adult and nymph L. rugulipennis by up to 80% in organic strawberry crops compared with the untreated control. Finally, the push–pull system halved fruit damage (8%) compared with untreated areas (16%) in conventional crops. In organic strawberry crops, 90% of untreated strawberries had some mirid damage compared with only 41–51% in push–pull‐treated areas. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a push–pull approach using synthetic semiochemicals giving a significant reduction in crop damage by mirids and paves the way for non‐pesticide control of a range of mirid species on multiple crops. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…(2018) suggested that their comparative results achieved with FR in apple might have been reduced by their use of 120 lures ha −1 drawing codling moth disproportionally into the treated plots, but the drawing range of these non‐sex pheromone lures has not been measured. Plot size is always an important parameter impacting the results of semiochemical‐based trials due to the dispersal capacity of tortricid moths (Knight, Judd, et al., 2019). It remains unclear from our studies how effective FR would be in protecting orchard borders versus reducing injury towards the centre of plots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A trade‐off occurs in organic pear production where selective sprays for codling moth are the primary tools used for its management, but where effective measures to suppress pear psylla are also limited (Benuzzi & Ladurner, 2018; Knight et al., 2019). Pear growers have used sex pheromones for mating disruption (MD) of codling moth for more than three decades (Moffitt & Westigard, 1984), in an effort to reduce their use of insecticides and avoid selection for resistance in both codling moth and pear psylla (Jones et al., 2009; Weddle et al., 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing female removal for Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in organic pear in the USA and Italy

Preti

Knight²,

Mujica³

et al. 2021

J Applied Entomology

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Seventeen trials were conducted using traps baited with kairomone‐based lures to evaluate female removal (FR) as an effective management tactic for codling moth, Cydia pomonella, L., in organic pear, Pyrus communis L., production in Italy and USA during 2019–2020. Studies included paired plots (0.4–1.4 ha) treated with or without 60 traps ha−1 in cultivars Bartlett and Abate Fétel. Paired plots were also treated together with or without mating disruption (MD) and with similar spray programmes. Three‐, four‐, and five‐component lures were used with several trap types: green, clear or green/white bucket traps and orange delta traps. The three‐component lure consisted of (E,E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (sex pheromone, PH), (E,Z)‐2,4‐ethyl decadienoate (pear ester, PE) and acetic acid (AA); the four‐component lure was PE, (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene (DMNT), 6‐ethenyl‐2,2,6‐trimethyloxan‐3‐ol (pyranoid linalool oxide, LOX), and AA, and the five‐component lure had PH added. Preliminary studies were also conducted to evaluate the trapping efficacy of non‐saturating bucket traps. A clear bucket trap baited with PE/DMNT/LOX + AA captured 97‐fold more codling moth females than an orange delta trap baited with PH/PE. However, female captures did not differ between traps when both were baited with the four‐component lure. Fruit injury from codling moth was significantly reduced with the implementation of FR in both pear production regions. At harvest, mean fruit protection in the USA studies was 65% and 27% in Italy. This difference was likely associated with the four‐component lure being less effective in Italy than in the USA. Nevertheless, results demonstrate that FR can be a useful approach to remove females immigrating into orchards and as a new tactic to reduce pest pressure in selected areas of orchards allowing both MD and organic insecticide programmes to be more effective. Further studies should investigate the cost‐benefit of matching the intensity of FR to variable pest pressures.

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Integrated management of tortricid pests of tree fruit

Cited by 16 publications

References 298 publications

Comparison of New Kairomone-Based Lures for Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Italy and USA

Comparison of New Kairomone-Based Lures for Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Italy and USA

An effective ‘push–pull’ control strategy for European tarnished plant bug, Lygus rugulipennis (Heteroptera: Miridae), in strawberry using synthetic semiochemicals

Developing female removal for Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in organic pear in the USA and Italy

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