“…Some prey are risky to eat, as defensive structures of prey (e.g., spines, thorns, claws) may injure or kill a predator during ingestion (Jordan 1907: 51, Munro 1930, Orr 1937, Holdom 1945, Mylne 1957, Wick and Rodgers 1957, Houck 1961, Tomkins 1963, Cooper 1969, Morejohn 1969, Lingle 1976, Mock andMock 1980, Wanjala andTash 1983). But predators may counter these defenses with a variety of handling behaviours (e.g., dismemberment, crushing, stabbing) which serve to kill or incapacitate prey (Recher andRecher 1968, Riegner 1982).…”