“…In this context, most of the published literature tends to minimize the BGE concentration and ionic strength, aiming to improve the limits of detection (LOD) [2,7,[20][21][22][23][24]. For instance, several applications have been reported for inorganic ions in low ionic strength samples such as active pharmaceutical ingredients [25], clean water sources [13,22,26] or very diluted high ionic strength samples [27]. Hence, high and moderate ionic strength samples along with inorganic cation determinations by CE have been and still constitute a considerable challenge, leading to the need for more complex BGE formulations [1,2,13], sample pre-treatment strategies (sample cleanup, chromatographic or electromigration enrichment) [27] or alternative detection technologies [6].…”