Large Size LSO and LYSO Crystals for Future High Energy Physics Experiments

Chen, Jianming; Mao, Rihua; Zhang, Liyuan; Zhu, R. Y.

doi:10.1109/tns.2007.897823

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The emission-weighted APD and PIN quantum efficiencies have been calculated as 78% and 58% for the LYSO emission spectrum. The calculated emission-weighted quantum efficiency values for the crystal-photodiode systems are compatible with the results of experimental measurements, given in [23]. For instance, considering a coverage of 8% of the crystal endface by the active area of the APD and the APD quantum efficiency of 78%, the number of photoelectrons has been obtained as 1597 pe/MeV and this value is consistent with the experiment [23].…”

Section: Simulation and Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The calculated emission-weighted quantum efficiency values for the crystal-photodiode systems are compatible with the results of experimental measurements, given in [23]. For instance, considering a coverage of 8% of the crystal endface by the active area of the APD and the APD quantum efficiency of 78%, the number of photoelectrons has been obtained as 1597 pe/MeV and this value is consistent with the experiment [23]. Thus, the photoelectron statistics contribution to the stochastic term has been calculated as 0.115% for LYSO-APD and 0.032% for LYSO-PIN combinations.…”

Section: Simulation and Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

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Simulation of LYSO Crystal for the TAC-PF Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Kocak

Tapan

2017

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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In addition to PWO and CsI(Tl) crystals, cerium doped LYSO crystal is considered for the electromagnetic calorimeter part of the Turkish Accelerator Center Particle Factory (TAC-PF) detector, because of its high light yield, fast decay time and good radiation hardness. In this work, LYSO crystals arranged in 3×3 and 5×5 matrices have been simulated against photons in the energy range between 50 MeV and 2 GeV, using Geant4 simulation code. Energy resolutions have been estimated considering the contribution of photoelectron statistics coming from the avalanche and PIN photodiodes.

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Section: Simulation and Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Simulation and Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Simulation of LYSO Crystal for the TAC-PF Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Kocak

Tapan

2017

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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“…Because of their high density (7.4 g cm −3 ), short radiation length (1.14 cm), fast (40 ns) and bright (4 times BGO) scintillation, cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (Lu 2 SiO 5 :Ce, LSO) [13] and lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (Lu 2(1−x) Y 2x SiO 5 :Ce, LYSO) [14,15] crystals have attracted a broad interest in the high-energy physics community pursuing precision electromagnetic calorimeter for future high-energy physics experiments [12,[16][17][18][19]. Their excellent radiation hardness against gamma rays [15,20], neutrons [17] and charged hadrons [10] also makes them a preferred material for calorimeters to be operated in a severe radiation environment, such as the HL-LHC.…”

Section: Radiation Hard Lyso/lso Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The next generation of crystal detectors

Zhu

2017

Radiat Detect Technol Methods

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Background In high-energy and nuclear physics experiments, total absorption electromagnetic calorimeters made of inorganic crystals are known for their superb energy resolution and detection efficiency for photon and electron measurements. A crystal calorimeter is thus the choice for those experiments where precision measurements of photons and electrons are crucial for their physics missions. It is also known that the existing crystal detectors are neither bright nor fast enough nor radiation hard enough to survive severe radiation environment expected in future HEP experiments. Crystal detectors have also been proposed to build a homogeneous hadron calorimeter to achieve unprecedented jet mass resolution by duel readout of both Cherenkov and scintillation light, where the development of cost-effective crystal detectors is a crucial issue because of the 100 cubic meters crystal volume required. Purpose To develop novel inorganic crystal scintillatorbased detector concepts for future HEP experiments at the energy and intensity frontiers. Methods Optical and scintillation properties of novel inorganic crystal scintillators, such as excitation, emission and transmittance spectra, light output and decay time, are characterized before and after irradiation by ionization dose and hadrons. Their performance and radiation hardness are compared to the requirements, and feedback is given to the crystal manufacturers for quality improvement. Results As a result of this investigation, several inorganic crystal scintillator-based detector concepts are established for future HEP experiments, such as an LSO/LYSO crystalbased total absorption and/or sampling calorimeter concept, a barium fluoride crystal-based very fast crystal calorimeter concept, and a cost-effective inorganic scintillator-based homogeneous hadron calorimeter concept. Conclusion Bright, fast and radiation hard LYSO/LSO crystals may be used for a total absorption ECAL. An LYSO/W Shashlik sampling calorimeter will survive the harsh radiation environment expected at the HL-LHC. With sub-ns decay time of its fast scintillation component and excellent radiation hardness, barium fluoride crystals would provide more than ten times faster rate and timing capability, provided that their slow scintillation component is effectively suppressed to avoid pileup. PbF2, PbFCl and BSO crystals may provide a foundation for a homogeneous hadron calorimeter with dual readout for both Cherenkov and scintillation light to achieve unprecedented jet mass resolution for future lepton colliders.

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“…OLLOWING our previous studies [1], [2] this report presents a further study on radiation damage in large size lutetium oxyorthosilicate ( , LSO) [3] and lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate ( , LYSO) [4], [5] crystals. Because of their high stopping power ( , ) and fast bright (4 times of BGO) scintillation, LSO and LYSO crystals have attracted a broad interest in the high energy physics community for future experiments, such as a super B factory [6] and the international linear collider (ILC) [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These long LSO and LYSO samples were specially prepared by manufactures for the authors. Measurements for LYSO crystal samples of such size with PMT readout were reported in [1]. Results for LSO and LYSO crystal samples of such size with both PMT and APD readout were reported in [2].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-Ray Induced Radiation Damage in Large Size LSO and LYSO Crystal Samples

Chen

Mao

Zhang

et al. 2007

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-This paper presents a study of the gamma-ray induced radiation damage effect in large size (2.5 2.5 20 cm 3 ) LSO and LYSO crystal samples. Optical and scintillation properties, including longitudinal transmittance and photo-luminescence spectra, light output and light response uniformity with PMT and APD readout, are measured before and after -ray irradiations with an integrated dose up to 10 6 rad for three LSO and LYSO samples from different vendors. It was found that 300 C thermal annealing removes all radiation induced absorption. The photo-luminescence spectra measured before and after the irradiations were found to be consistent, indicating that the scintillation mechanism is not damaged. The radiation damage recovers very slow under the room temperature, indicating that the radiation damage level in LSO and LYSO crystals is not dose rate dependent. It was also found that the overall radiation damage in LSO and LYSO crystals is small as compared to other crystal scintillators commonly used in high energy and nuclear physics experiments.Index Terms-Crystal, light output, lutetium oxyorthosilicate, lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate, photo-luminescence, radiation damage, scintillator, transmission.

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Large Size LSO and LYSO Crystals for Future High Energy Physics Experiments

Cited by 67 publications

References 10 publications

Simulation of LYSO Crystal for the TAC-PF Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Simulation of LYSO Crystal for the TAC-PF Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The next generation of crystal detectors

Gamma-Ray Induced Radiation Damage in Large Size LSO and LYSO Crystal Samples

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