Large sharks exhibit varying behavioral responses to major hurricanes

Gutowsky, Lee F.G.; Rider, Mitchell J.; Roemer, Robert P.; Gallagher, Austin J.; Heithaus, Michael R.; Cooke, Steven J.; Hammerschlag, Neil

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107373

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The detection probabilities, or detectability, at each distance were then plotted and fitted with a logistic regression curve to estimate the 50 and 5% detectability range of each receiver station. The resulting range at 50 and 5% detection efficiency was approximately 200−250 and 900−1000 m, respectively, which is comparable to passive acoustic telemetry studies in the region (Brownscombe et al 2020, Gutowsky et al 2021.…”

Section: Acoustic Telemetry Arraysupporting

confidence: 74%

Urban sharks: residency patterns of marine top predators in relation to a coastal metropolis

Hammerschlag

Gutowsky

Rider

et al. 2022

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Understanding and ultimately predicting how marine organisms will respond to urbanization is central for effective wildlife conservation and management in the Anthropocene. Sharks are upper trophic level predators in virtually all marine environments, but if and how their behaviors are influenced by coastal urbanization remains understudied. Here, we examined space use and residency patterns of 14 great hammerheads Sphyrna mokarran, 13 bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas, and 25 nurse sharks Ginglymostoma cirratum in proximity to the coastal metropolis of Miami, Florida, using passive acoustic telemetry. Based on the terrestrial urban carnivore literature, we predicted sharks would exhibit avoidance behaviors of areas close to Miami, with residency patterns in these urban areas increasing during periods of lower human activity, such as during nocturnal hours and weekdays, and that dietary specialists (great hammerhead) would exhibit comparatively lower affinity towards highly urbanized areas relative to dietary generalists (bull and nurse shark). However, we did not find empirical support for these predictions. Space use patterns of tracked sharks were consistent with that of ‘urban adapters’ (species that exhibit partial use of urban areas). Modeling also revealed that an unmeasured spatial variable was driving considerable shark residency in areas exposed to high urbanization. We propose several hypotheses that could explain our findings, including food provisioning from shore-based activities that could be attracting sharks to urban areas. Ultimately, the lack of avoidance of urban areas by sharks documented here, as compared to terrestrial carnivores, should motivate future research in the growing field of urban ecology.

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Section: Acoustic Telemetry Arraysupporting

confidence: 74%

Urban sharks: residency patterns of marine top predators in relation to a coastal metropolis

Hammerschlag

Gutowsky

Rider

et al. 2022

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Welsch and Liller (2013) showed that yellow‐phase American eel ( Anguilla rostrata ) upstream migration is driven by additive effects of river discharge and water temperature, depending on time period. Even with an acute movement resulting from a distinct disturbance event, like that of an extreme weather event ( e.g ., from a large storm or hurricanes), it remains challenging to decipher the exact set of abiotic factor(s) ( e.g ., barometer, wind intensity or direction, temperature change) that trigger refuge‐seeking movements (Secor et al ., 2019; Massie et al ., 2020; Gutowsky et al ., 2021). Changes in abiotic conditions can also alter the volume of habitat available and its relative ‘useability’, which can necessitate fish movement ( e.g ., searching for alternative habitats; e.g ., Dare et al ., 2002).…”

Section: The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The movement ecology of fishes

Cooke

Bergman

Twardek

et al. 2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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Movement of fishes in the aquatic realm is fundamental to their ecology and survival. Movement can be driven by a variety of biological, physiological and environmental factors occurring across all spatial and temporal scales. The intrinsic capacity of movement to impact fish individually (e.g., foraging) with potential knock‐on effects throughout the ecosystem (e.g., food web dynamics) has garnered considerable interest in the field of movement ecology. The advancement of technology in recent decades, in combination with ever‐growing threats to freshwater and marine systems, has further spurred empirical research and theoretical considerations. Given the rapid expansion within the field of movement ecology and its significant role in informing management and conservation efforts, a contemporary and multidisciplinary review about the various components influencing movement is outstanding. Using an established conceptual framework for movement ecology as a guide (i.e., Nathan et al., 2008: 19052), we synthesized the environmental and individual factors that affect the movement of fishes. Specifically, internal (e.g., energy acquisition, endocrinology, and homeostasis) and external (biotic and abiotic) environmental elements are discussed, as well as the different processes that influence individual‐level (or population) decisions, such as navigation cues, motion capacity, propagation characteristics and group behaviours. In addition to environmental drivers and individual movement factors, we also explored how associated strategies help survival by optimizing physiological and other biological states. Next, we identified how movement ecology is increasingly being incorporated into management and conservation by highlighting the inherent benefits that spatio‐temporal fish behaviour imbues into policy, regulatory, and remediation planning. Finally, we considered the future of movement ecology by evaluating ongoing technological innovations and both the challenges and opportunities that these advancements create for scientists and managers. As aquatic ecosystems continue to face alarming climate (and other human‐driven) issues that impact animal movements, the comprehensive and multidisciplinary assessment of movement ecology will be instrumental in developing plans to guide research and promote sustainability measures for aquatic resources.

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“…Unfortunately, many sharks and rays that depend on nearshore habitats during critical life stages face myriad threats associated with being in close proximity to human population centres (Stallings, 2009; Ward‐Paige et al, 2010), including fishing (Knip et al, 2010), coastal development (Beal et al, 2021; Jennings et al, 2008) and habitat loss or degradation (Jackson et al, 2014; Polidoro et al, 2010; Waycott et al, 2009). Some species in coastal habitats are also threatened by climate change and severe weather, which can affect abiotic conditions (Schlaff et al, 2014) that influence species distributions (Bangley et al, 2018; Hammerschlag et al, 2022) and finer‐scale habitat use (Crear et al, 2020; Strickland et al, 2020), although species‐specific responses may vary (Gutowsky et al, 2021). At present, the effects of climate change on sharks and rays in the WCA are poorly understood, but species that rely on habitats degraded by climate change may face the most significant impacts (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some species in coastal habitats are also threatened by climate change and severe weather, which can affect abiotic conditions (Schlaff et al, 2014) that influence species distributions (Bangley et al, 2018;Hammerschlag et al, 2022) and finer-scale habitat use (Crear et al, 2020;Strickland et al, 2020), although species-specific responses may vary (Gutowsky et al, 2021). At present, the effects of climate change on sharks and rays in the WCA are poorly understood, but species that rely on habitats degraded by climate change may face the most significant impacts (e.g.…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extinction risk, reconstructed catches and management of chondrichthyan fishes in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean

et al. 2022

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Chondrichthyan fishes are among the most threatened vertebrates on the planet because many species have slow life histories that are outpaced by intense fishing. The Western Central Atlantic Ocean, which includes the Greater Caribbean, is a hotspot of chondrichthyan biodiversity and abundance, but has been characterized by extensive shark and ray fisheries and a lack of sufficient data for effective management and conservation. To inform future research and management decisions, we analysed patterns in chondrichthyan extinction risk, reconstructed catches and management engagement in this region. We summarized the extinction risk of 180 sharks, rays and chimaeras, including 66 endemic and 14 near-endemic species, using contemporary IUCN Red List assessments. Over one-third (35.6%) were assessed as Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered, primarily due to overfishing. Reconstructed catches from 1950 to 2016 peaked in 1992, then declined by 40.2% thereafter. The United States, Venezuela and Mexico were responsible for most catches in the region and hosted the largest proportions of the regional distributions of threatened species, largely due to having extensive coastal habitats in their Exclusive Economic Zones. The quantity and taxonomic resolution of fisheries landings data were poor in much of the region, and national-level regulations varied widely across jurisdictions. Deepwater fisheries represent an emerging threat, although many deepwater chondrichthyans currently have refuge beyond the depths of most fisheries. Regional collaboration as well as effective and enforceable management informed by more complete fisheries data, particularly from small-scale fisheries, are required to protect and recover threatened species and ensure sustainable fisheries.

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Large sharks exhibit varying behavioral responses to major hurricanes

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Urban sharks: residency patterns of marine top predators in relation to a coastal metropolis

Urban sharks: residency patterns of marine top predators in relation to a coastal metropolis

The movement ecology of fishes

Extinction risk, reconstructed catches and management of chondrichthyan fishes in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean

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