Large-Scale Water Spray and Water Mist Fire Suppression System Tests for the Protection of Ro–Ro Cargo Decks on Ships

Arvidson, Magnus

doi:10.1007/s10694-012-0312-7

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Other information about specific design car fires sizes could be extracted from fire statistics and historical accident data. There are many articles devoted to statistical data on car fires 6,17,31,51‐56 . However, a different approach to the development of statistical data could provide better design inputs.…”

Section: Car Parks Fire Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On average, large car park fires, where more than one car was involved, represent about 3% of the total number of fires 6 . Nevertheless, significant lessons can be learned from them 53‐55 . The examples include an unsprinklered underground car park in Haarlem (Netherlands, October 26, 2010) when at least 26 cars were destroyed, 6 a fire which destroyed 24 cars at the open‐air car park at the (Stanstead airport, UK 31st August, 2010) 53 and a fire where over 100 cars were destroyed (Sweden, 1996) 54 .…”

Section: Car Parks Fire Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data

2020

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Summary Passenger vehicle fires present a significant fire hazard in enclosed car parks. Accordingly, this hazard is often used as a design fire scenario for the application of fire protection systems. Specific fire protection standards, like NFPA 88A:2019 and NFPA 502:2020 in the United States (US) or BS 7346‐7:2013, NBN 21‐208‐2:2014, VDI 6019‐1:2006, NEN 6098:2010 and ITB 493:2015 in Europe, provide varying requirements for car park fire protection. Car parks fire strategies, especially when smoke control systems are used, often make use of performance‐based methods, in which fire growth (ie, heat release rate [HRR]) plays a fundamental role. The chosen HRR can influence the specification of car park construction and on smoke control system calculations. This article presents a review of 44 full‐scale car fire tests together with Polish and British passenger car fire statistics from the last 8 years. Based on the collected data and the averaged tests, HRR values provided in this article could assist local authorities and stakeholders determine optimal fire safety design criteria for car parks.

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Section: Car Parks Fire Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Car Parks Fire Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data

2020

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“…Water mist, a clean firefighting technology, is entirely harmless to environment and people. Because halogen‐based agents were banned for environmental reasons in 1987, researchers had conducted many studies on the suppression or extinguishment of pool fires with water mist in open or enclosed space …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extinguishment of hydrocarbon pool fires by ultrafine water mist with ammonium/amidogen compound in an improved cup burner

Liang

et al. 2018

Fire and Materials

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Summary Ultrafine water mist (UFWM) (<10 μm), as a total flooding agent, has been proven to overcome obstructions in extinguishing fire. To examine the efficacy of UFWM extinguishing pool fires and reveal the primary fire extinguishing mechanisms of heat adsorption, a predictive model of minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) is developed based on heat extraction, and the experimental data of MECs were obtained with an improved cup burner. The contribution of heat adsorption is about 25% to 50%, and turbulence effect also plays an important role in extinguishing fire. To improve fire inhibition effectiveness of UFWM by turbulence effect, CO (NH2)2, NH4HCO3, and (NH4)2HPO4 were selected as additives; KCl and KH2PO4 were also chosen for comparison purpose. It is discovered that CO (NH2)2 and (NH4)2HPO4 in the low concentrations can improve the fire extinction effectiveness except NH4HCO3. CO (NH2)2 has the most contribution to fire extinction at the optimum concentration (about 0.01 mol L−1 for n‐heptane fire and 0.03 mol L−1 for ethanol fire). Moreover, CO (NH2)2 (at 0.03 mol L−1) was dramatically better than KH2PO4 in extinguishing ethanol fire, and its effect is very close to that of KCl (at 0.067 mol L−1) for ethanol fire.

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“…In recent years, research institutions of water mist carried out relatively more full-scale experiments to test the cooling and suppressing efficiency of their products in long and narrow spaces under longitudinal ventilation [4][5][6]. However fullscale experiments always cost considerable money and make it difficult to get enough reliable data to study regulations of these suppression progresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Suppression of n-Heptane Pool Fire with Water Mist under Longitudinal Ventilation in Long and Narrow Spaces

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2013

Procedia Engineering

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This paper studies suppression of n-Heptane pool fire with water mist under different longitudinal ventilation velocities in a long and narrow space. Through the suppressing experiments with two different spraying positions and seven ventilation speeds, it is found that the extinguishment of fires has a close relationship with the fuel temperature. Moreover, the fuel temperature, when the fire is extinguished by spraying at different positions, is almost the same within the measurement ranges, and it tends to decrease as the wind speed rises. Mechanism studies show that the coupling effect of dilution and replacement of oxygen and fuel surface cooling is the main mechanism in n-Heptane fire extinguishment of water mist under longitudinal ventilation. In addition, the ability to efficiently cool the fuel plays a determinant role in the n-Heptane pool fire suppression.

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Large-Scale Water Spray and Water Mist Fire Suppression System Tests for the Protection of Ro–Ro Cargo Decks on Ships

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data

Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data

Extinguishment of hydrocarbon pool fires by ultrafine water mist with ammonium/amidogen compound in an improved cup burner

Experimental Study on Suppression of n-Heptane Pool Fire with Water Mist under Longitudinal Ventilation in Long and Narrow Spaces

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