Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data

Brzezińska, Dorota; Ollesz, Renata; Bryant, Paul

doi:10.1002/fam.2913

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…To describe these two stages using the same mathematical model would ignore the transition between the two processes; the HRR would be more accurately described by separating these distinct regimes. Identifying these mechanisms of growth (e.g., horizontal vs upward spread) is critical in meaningfully generalizing the HRR of any complex fuel package such as vehicle fires or compartment fires (e.g., [48]).…”

Section: Normalized Heat Release Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Repeat Fire Tests of Upholstered Furniture: Variability and Experimental Observations

Morrisset,

Reep,

Ojwang

et al. 2024

Fire Technol

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A series of trials were conducted to investigate the repeatability of furniture-scale calorimetry experiments. Twenty-five identical upholstered chairs were ignited under the same experimental conditions. Experimental results of heat release rate (HRR), mass loss rate (MLR), and emission yields (CO, CO2, N2O, NO, CH4, HCN) are presented. Discrepancies were observed between the time resolved evolution of the various recorded data. However the development of each fire was observed to be tied to common events. By accounting for these events, a more consistent representation of the burning behaviour can be expressed. Each experiment displayed distinct burning regimes (i.e., pyrolysis, flaming, and smouldering) which were identified through visual observation and through analysing the emission data. Some species yields were found to be approximately constant over some burning regimes (e.g., CO2 yield over the flaming regime) while others displayed highly transient behaviour (e.g., CO yield was found to be burning regime dependent). Results from upholstered furniture scale experiments, including HRR and emission yields, are commonly used in various engineering applications; this study lends insight into the variability that can be observed for such data and the implications in applying this data in further analysis.

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Section: Normalized Heat Release Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Repeat Fire Tests of Upholstered Furniture: Variability and Experimental Observations

Morrisset,

Reep,

Ojwang

et al. 2024

Fire Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The methods were proposed to simulate and calculate the flame shape, temperature, and lateral heat flux in a combustion vehicle. Brzezinska et al [6] reviewed 44 full-scale car fire experiments and passenger car fire statistics from Poland and the UK from the past 8 years. Based on the collected data and average experiment results, the relevant heat release rate (HRR) was summarized as a reference value, providing assistance for local governments and stakeholders in determining the optimal fire safety design standards for parking lots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Performance of Outdoor Mechanical Garages under Combustion Conditions

Zhang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Fire

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In this paper, the firing process and structural failure behavior of outdoor mechanical car parks are innovatively investigated under diverse conditions, leveraging fire experiments, FDS fire simulation, and finite element simulation. The fire experiments reveal the intricate interplay between flame spread and airflow, highlighting the enhanced risk of fire propagation among adjacent spaces. The temperature profile, mirroring the fire’s lifecycle, is delineated into three distinct stages: initial growth, full development, and eventual decay. Notably, full-scale fire simulation in FDS validates the experimental outcomes, underscoring the scalability and reliability of our scaled-down experiments. Furthermore, finite element simulations offer a profound understanding of structural safety in various parking spaces during a fire. Critically, the susceptibility of columns to failure underscores the imperative need for enhanced fire prevention measures in column design, representing a significant advancement in fire protection engineering.

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“…및 경유를 사용하는 자동차에만 적용할 수 있으며 환경친화적자 , 동차에 대한 기준은 아직 없는 실정이다 (13) . Brzezinska 등 (10) 은 건의 내연기관 자동차의 실화재 실험 결과를 분석했다 사 44 . (14) .…”

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Fire Risk Mitigation Strategies for Electric and Hydrogen Vehicle Car Parks

Lim

2024

Fire Sci. Eng.

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As the use of eco-friendly vehicles, such as electric and hydrogen vehicles, is rapidly increasing, the related infrastructure is also expanding, and they have become common in parking areas. The fire safety design of a car park is based on the existing data of internal combustion engine vehicles; therefore, the characteristics of eco-friendly vehicles must be reflected. This study investigated the heat release rate of internal combustion engine vehicles, electric vehicles, and hydrogen vehicles using real-scale fire test data and analyzed the effects of curb weight and battery capacity. The fire growth rate and maximum heat release rate of electric and hydrogen vehicles were similar to those of internal combustion engine vehicles, except for the batteries and hydrogen gas, which are the energy sources of electric and hydrogen vehicles, respectively. When ignited from the battery of an electric vehicle, the fire grew rapidly. When the thermally activated pressure relief device was activated in the storage vessel of a hydrogen vehicle, the heat release rate instantaneously increased to 14.5 MW. To improve fire safety in car parks, the curb weight and fire resistance structure must be designed to reflect the increase in plastic interior materials and battery capacity of vehicles, and firefighting facilities must be installed based on vehicles with greater fire severity.

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Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Repeat Fire Tests of Upholstered Furniture: Variability and Experimental Observations

Repeat Fire Tests of Upholstered Furniture: Variability and Experimental Observations

Structural Performance of Outdoor Mechanical Garages under Combustion Conditions

Fire Risk Mitigation Strategies for Electric and Hydrogen Vehicle Car Parks

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