Large-scale plasticity of the human motor cortex

Seitz, Rüdiger J.; Huang, Yanxiong; Knorr, U.; Tellmann, Lutz; Herzog, Hans; Freund, Hans‐Joachim

doi:10.1097/00001756-199503270-00009

Cited by 207 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…This type of change, either morphological or functional, has been described as brain plasticity. Evidence of motor cortex reorganization has also been observed in subjects with chronic neurological disorders including cerebral tumor, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Seitz et al, 1995), after hemispherectomy (Cohen et al, 1991), after anastomosis of the musculocutaneous nerve and intercostals nerves following cervical root avulsion (Mano et al, 1995), and after limb amputation (Brasil-Neto et al, 1993). The findings of the present study further support the notion that the primary motor cortex can be reorganized by motor practice even in a single training period (Muellbacher et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Motor learning of hands with auditory cue in patients with Parkinson’s disease

et al. 2005

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Summary:In the present research, changes in motor cortex function were observed in relation to repetitive, voluntary thumb movement (training) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and normal control subjects. Changes in the direction of thumb movement due to motor evoked potential (MEP) by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), after motor training with and without rhythmic sound, were measured using a strain gauge for 12 patients with PD and 9 normal control subjects. PD patients who experienced the freezing phenomena showed poor change in direction of TMS-induced movement after self-paced movement; however, marked change in direction of TMS-induced movement was observed after training with auditory cue. PD patients who had not experienced the freezing phenomena showed positive effects with the auditory cue, producing similar results as the normal control subjects. Two routes for voluntary movement are available in the nervous system. The decreased function of basal ganglia due to PD impaired the route from the basal ganglia to the supplementary motor cortex. These data suggest that the route from sensory input to cerebellum to premotor cortex could compensate for the decreased function of the route via the basal ganglia to the premotor cortex. Once change in the motor cortex occurred, such change persisted even after the interruption of training.These phenomena suggest that motor memory can be stored in the motor cortex.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Motor learning of hands with auditory cue in patients with Parkinson’s disease

et al. 2005

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“…71,95,121 A consistent finding of language stimulation studies has been the identification of significant individual variability among patients. 64 Speech arrest is variably located and can go well beyond the classic anatomical boundaries of the Broca area for motor speech.…”

Section: Variability In Cortical Language Localizationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Intraoperative stimulation techniques for functional pathway preservation and glioma resection

Sanai¹,

Berger²

2010

FOC

170

119

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Although a primary tenet of neurosurgical oncology is that survival can improve with greater tumor resection, this principle must be tempered by the potential for functional loss following a radical removal. Preoperative planning with functional and physiological imaging paradigms, combined with intraoperative strategies such as cortical and subcortical stimulation mapping, can effectively reduce the risks associated with operating in eloquent territory. In addition to identifying critical motor pathways, these techniques can be adapted to identify language function reliably. The authors review the technical nuances of intraoperative mapping for low- and high-grade gliomas, demonstrating their efficacy in optimizing resection even in patients with negative mapping data. Collectively, these surgical strategies represent the cornerstone for operating on gliomas in and around functional pathways.

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“…Other cases of unexpected postoperative deficits have also been attributed to progressive tumor infiltration into functional areas. 43 Furthermore, both intraoperative stimulation and functional imaging techniques have provided evidence for redistribution of functional neural networks in cases of stroke, 13,44,45 congenital malformations, 46,47 brain injury, 48 and tumor progression. 13,14,49 Not surprisingly, it has been hypothesized that brain infiltration by gliomas leads to reshaping or local reorganization of functional networks as well as neosynaptogenesis.…”

Section: Tailored Craniotomies and The Value Of Negative Language Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…43 Furthermore, both intraoperative stimulation and functional imaging techniques have provided evidence for redistribution of functional neural networks in cases of stroke, 13,44,45 congenital malformations, 46,47 brain injury, 48 and tumor progression. 13,14,49 Not surprisingly, it has been hypothesized that brain infiltration by gliomas leads to reshaping or local reorganization of functional networks as well as neosynaptogenesis. 50,51 This would explain the frequent lack of clinical deficit despite glioma growth into eloquent brain areas, 13,49,52 as well as the transient nature of many postoperative deficits.…”

Section: Tailored Craniotomies and The Value Of Negative Language Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operative Techniques for Gliomas and the Value of Extent of Resection

2009

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Summary:Refinement of neurosurgical technique has enabled safer operations with more aggressive outcomes. One cornerstone of modern-day practice is the utilization of intraoperative stimulation mapping. In addition to identifying critical motor pathways, this technique can be adapted to reliably identify language pathways. Given the individual variability of cortical language localization, such awake language mapping is essential to minimize language deficits following tumor resection. Our experience suggests that cortical language mapping is a safe and efficient adjunct to optimize tumor resection while preserving essential language sites, even in the setting of negative mapping data. However, the value of maximizing glioma resections remains surprisingly unclear, as there is no general consensus in the literature regarding the efficacy of extent of glioma resection in improving patient outcome. While the importance of resection in obtaining tissue diagnosis and alleviating symptoms is clear, a lack of Class I evidence prevents similar certainty in assessing the influence of extent of resection. Beyond an analysis of modern intraoperative mapping techniques, we examine every major clinical publication since 1990 on the role of extent of resection in glioma outcome. The mounting evidence suggests that, despite persistent limitations in the quality of available studies, a more extensive surgical resection is associated with longer life expectancy for both low-grade and high-grade gliomas.

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Large-scale plasticity of the human motor cortex

Cited by 207 publications

References 0 publications

Motor learning of hands with auditory cue in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Motor learning of hands with auditory cue in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Intraoperative stimulation techniques for functional pathway preservation and glioma resection

Operative Techniques for Gliomas and the Value of Extent of Resection

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