“…Owing to this importance of dopamine, it has been reported that insufficient dopamine levels in the blood, or the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain, could result in a number of severe neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, psychosis, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [6,7]. To address this issue, numerous studies have reported various methods for the detection of dopamine in a highly sensitive and selective manner, which could be readily utilized for the early diagnosis of dopamine-related neurological diseases [8][9][10]. 2 of 11 Among the currently available methods (e.g., ELISA, colorimetric methods, Raman, HPLC) [11][12][13], the electrochemical-detection technique is considered one of the most efficacious tools for dopamine detection, owing to its convenience, rapid detection time, and cost effectiveness [14].…”