Large-scale hydrogen liquefaction in Germany

Bracha, M; Lorenz, G.; Patzelt, A.; Wanner, M.

doi:10.1016/0360-3199(94)90177-5

Cited by 118 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Another option is to store hydrogen in its liquid state, but this solution is generally limited to situations in which hydrogen is already available in liquid form, since ad-hoc liquefaction entails significant energy consumption. The liquefaction of hydrogen in large industrial facilities is generally consuming 12.5-15 kWh of electricity per kg of H 2 [48], which is a significant share compared to hydrogen's lower heating value of 33.3 kWh per kg. Technological improvements could reduce electricity consumption to 7.5-9 kWh per kg of H 2 , which is still around one quarter of the hydrogen's energy content.…”

Section: Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective

et al. 2020

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Hydrogen is currently enjoying a renewed and widespread momentum in many national and international climate strategies. This review paper is focused on analysing the challenges and opportunities that are related to green and blue hydrogen, which are at the basis of different perspectives of a potential hydrogen society. While many governments and private companies are putting significant resources on the development of hydrogen technologies, there still remains a high number of unsolved issues, including technical challenges, economic and geopolitical implications. The hydrogen supply chain includes a large number of steps, resulting in additional energy losses, and while much focus is put on hydrogen generation costs, its transport and storage should not be neglected. A low-carbon hydrogen economy offers promising opportunities not only to fight climate change, but also to enhance energy security and develop local industries in many countries. However, to face the huge challenges of a transition towards a zero-carbon energy system, all available technologies should be allowed to contribute based on measurable indicators, which require a strong international consensus based on transparent standards and targets.

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Section: Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective

et al. 2020

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“…At an estimated value of 0.4 kW h kg À1 required for liquid nitrogen production, the total production of is estimated at 0.9 kW h L À1 or 12.85 kW h kg À1 for liquid hydrogen production. 75 A quick calculation shows that approximately 30% of the energy required for the liquefaction of hydrogen, is used to produce liquid nitrogen. Because of the high energy consumption of the liquid nitrogen in the process a European Research Project called IDEALHY focussed on reducing the total energy cost for the liquid hydrogen production.…”

Section: Liquid Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications

Hoecke

Laffineur

Campe

et al. 2021

Energy Environ. Sci.

204

107

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“…For conventional hydrogen production plants (PSA technology), the impurities fraction of produced H2 is typically around 10 ppm, and a final H2 purification step must then be introduced with regenerative lowtemperature adsorption at around 80 K [41]. Pd-alloy membranes are selective to H2 only, and provided that no unselective transport occurs, a low-temperature hydrogen purification unit does not have to be active or not even included for normal operation mode of a hydrogen liquefaction process.…”

Section: -Process Performance With H2 Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-purity H2 production with CO2 capture based on coal gasification

Jordal

Anantharaman

Peters

et al. 2015

Energy

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A novel hybrid concept is proposed, combining Pd-alloy membrane and low temperature separation technology, to produce pure H2 from gasified coal and capture the main part of the generated CO2. 75% of the H2 produced from gasification and water-gas shift is separated from the shifted syngas through H2-selective Pd-alloy membranes. After water removal, the H2-depleted, CO2-rich retentate stream is compressed and cooled, after which CO2 is condensed out at a purity level of ~99%. The "waste" volatiles from the low-temperature CO2 separation constitute a low heating value syngas that is burnt in a gas turbine. The gas turbine with a steam bottoming cycle generates a surplus of electricity that could be employed for H2 liquefaction. Altogether, the concept has the potential to be developed into a stand-alone high-purity H2 production unit with CO2 capture, suitable e.g. for remote areas from where H2 and possibly also CO2 must be transported by ship. However, the investigations of three different process alternatives, as well as three membrane separator parameters, illustrate that there are many degrees of freedom in the proposed concept that require further analysis, both individually and how they interact, in order to establish an optimized and purposeful stand-alone H2 production concept.

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Large-scale hydrogen liquefaction in Germany

Cited by 118 publications

References 1 publication

The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective

The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective

Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications

High-purity H2 production with CO2 capture based on coal gasification

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