Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications

Hoecke, Laurens Van; Laffineur, Ludovic; Campe, Roy; Perreault, Patrice; Verbruggen, Sammy W.; Lenaerts, Silvia

doi:10.1039/d0ee01545h

Cited by 206 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Hydrogen storage applications can be divided into two main categories: (1) stationary (for on-site storage and stationary power generation), and (2) mobile (transportation of hydrogen to final destination) [44]. In this review paper, the discussion will focus on hydrogen storage technologies applicable to the shipping industry, because maritime applications have different challenges compared to stationary or automotive applications [45]. Hydrogen under standard conditions has a low volumetric energy density, hence the need for efficient storage, i.e., hydrogen storage requires (1) high pressures, and/or (2) low temperatures and/or (3) material that can store hydrogen in physical carriers (via adsorption) or chemical carriers [44,45].…”

Section: Hydrogen Storage Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Van Hoecke et al [45] present the potential applicability of hydrogen storage methods for the shipping industry, namely, these are:…”

Section: Hydrogen Storage Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen is a small molecule and can thus easily leak, especially when stored in a compressd state [45]. Due to its low ignition energy, it can lead to explosions which can be detrimental on a ship.…”

Section: Hydrogen Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of low ignition energy are discussed later when hydrogen is used in internal combustion engines leading to knock events. In general, storage tanks for compressed hydrogen can withstand high pressures and have generally high safety factors (for the interested reader, Moradi and Groth [44] and van Hoecke et al [45] discuss the different types of compressed storage tanks-Type I-IV). Materials under cryogenic conditions must withstand extremely low temperatures (−252.9 • C) otherwise they become brittle.…”

Section: Hydrogen Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Materials under cryogenic conditions must withstand extremely low temperatures (−252.9 • C) otherwise they become brittle. In addition to the risk of hydrogen explosion, spills under cryogenic conditions onboard are particularly hazardous because they can damage the hull of a ship by cold fracture [45,49]. Storage via chemical carriers poses the risk due to the handling of toxic materials (depending on the chemical storage method) such as ammonia and formic acid [45].…”

Section: Hydrogen Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

Mallouppas¹,

Yfantis²

2021

JMSE

153

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This review paper examines the possible pathways and possible technologies available that will help the shipping sector achieve the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) deep decarbonization targets by 2050. There has been increased interest from important stakeholders regarding deep decarbonization, evidenced by market surveys conducted by Shell and Deloitte. However, deep decarbonization will require financial incentives and policies at an international and regional level given the maritime sector’s ~3% contribution to green house gas (GHG) emissions. The review paper, based on research articles and grey literature, discusses technoeconomic problems and/or benefits for technologies that will help the shipping sector achieve the IMO’s targets. The review presents a discussion on the recent literature regarding alternative fuels (nuclear, hydrogen, ammonia, methanol), renewable energy sources (biofuels, wind, solar), the maturity of technologies (fuel cells, internal combustion engines) as well as technical and operational strategies to reduce fuel consumption for new and existing ships (slow steaming, cleaning and coating, waste heat recovery, hull and propeller design). The IMO’s 2050 targets will be achieved via radical technology shift together with the aid of social pressure, financial incentives, regulatory and legislative reforms at the local, regional and international level.

show abstract

Section: Hydrogen Storage Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Van Hoecke et al [45] present the potential applicability of hydrogen storage methods for the shipping industry, namely, these are:…”

Section: Hydrogen Storage Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

Mallouppas¹,

Yfantis²

2021

JMSE

153

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Application of Hydrogen Energy

2024

Hydrogen Energy

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Carbon‐Hybridized Hydroxides for Energy Conversion and Storage: Interface Chemistry and Manufacturing

Xie

Chen

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Carbon‐hybridized hydroxides (CHHs) have been intensively investigated for uses in the energy conversion/storage fields. Nevertheless, the intrinsic structure–activity relationships between carbon and hydroxides within CHHs are still blurry, which hinders the fine modulation of CHHs in terms of practical applications to some degree. This review aims to figure out the intrinsic role of carbon materials in CHHs with a focus on the interface chemistry and the engineering strategy in‐between two components. The fundamental effects of the carbon materials in enhancing the charge/mass transfer kinetics are first analyzed, particularly the extra electron pathways for fast charge transfer and the anchoring sites for boosting the mass transfer. Subsequently, the surface‐guided/confined effects of carbon materials in CHHs to modify the morphology and tailor the hydroxides, and functional heterojunction for regulating the inner electronic structure are decoupled. The methods to efficiently construct a stable yet robust solid–solid heterointerface are summarized, including oxygen functional groups engrafting, topological defective sites construction and heteroatom incorporation to activate the inert carbon surface. The smart CHHs in some typical energy applications are demonstrated. Additionally, the methodologies that can reveal the hybridization electron configuration between two components are summed up. At last, the perspective and challenges faced by the CHHs for energy‐related applications are outlined.

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Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications

Abstract: Hydrogen is reviewed as a possible new marine fuel, with emphasis on the challenges concerning sustainable production, on board use and safety and specifically the challenges concerning hydrogen storage.

Cited by 206 publications

References 203 publications

Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

Application of Hydrogen Energy

Carbon‐Hybridized Hydroxides for Energy Conversion and Storage: Interface Chemistry and Manufacturing

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