Large-scale heat pumps: Applications, performance, economic feasibility and industrial integration

Schlosser, Florian; Jesper, Mateo; Vogelsang, J.; Walmsley, Timothy Gordon; Arpagaus, Cordin; Hesselbach, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110219

Cited by 95 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This suggests that cooling efficiency has to some extent been sacrificed to achieve utilization of surplus heat. The average COP for NH 3 HP was 5.3, resulting in a Carnot efficiency of 65%, which is in the upper range for large scale industrial heat pumps [39]. The HACHP achieved an average COP of 5.9, resulting in a Carnot efficiency of 53%, which is within the expected range for state-of-the-art high temperature heat pumps on the market [9].…”

Section: Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 77%

Integrated high temperature heat pumps and thermal storage tanks for combined heating and cooling in the industry

Ahrens

Foslie

Moen

et al. 2021

Applied Thermal Engineering

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This study investigates the integrated heat pump system of a green-field dairy located in Bergen, Norway. The purpose of the study is to determine the energy consumption and system performance. The dairy features a novel and innovative solution of a fully integrated energy system, employing high temperature heat pumps such as the hybrid absorption-compression heat pump (HACHP) with natural refrigerants to provide all temperature levels of heating and cooling demands. To evaluate the performance an energy analysis has been performed based on available process data for a comparatively energy-intensive week in February. The results have shown that the integrated system is able to meet the occurring demands. Furthermore, the specific energy consumption with 0.22 kWh l − 1 product can outperform the annual average value of the replaced dairy even under difficult conditions. However, it is expected that the specific energy consumption will be further reduced on an annual basis. Through measures such as the extensive use of waste heat recovery accounting for 32.7% of the energy used, energy consumption was reduced by 37.9% and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by up to 91.7% compared to conventional dairy systems. Simultaneous, the process achieves a waste heat recovery rate of over 95%. Furthermore, demand peaks were compensated and a system coefficient of performance (COP) of 4.1 was achieved along with the identification of existing potential for further improvements.

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Section: Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 77%

Integrated high temperature heat pumps and thermal storage tanks for combined heating and cooling in the industry

Ahrens

Foslie

Moen

et al. 2021

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…Also there is usually a higher COP value with smaller temperature lift value. Therefore, the following empirical formulas have been selected [22] to determine the COP values.…”

Section: Proposed Steam-generation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Perspective on Heat Pump for Industrial Steam Generation

Yan

Wang

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Steam generation process is closely related to energy conversion and cleaner energy utilization, and the industrial steam is even regarded as the currency of heat with significant social and economic value. Herein, the possible industrial steam generation paths are analyzed based upon thermodynamics analysis, in which fossil fuel, electric, and heat-pump heating are considered. The largetemperature-lift heat-pump heating for steam generation is proved to be a most reasonable way with high-efficiency and wide adaptability. Furthermore, a possible system sketch is proposed, in which the heat pump is used for preheating for low-temperature evaporation and the generated steam can be thus compressed with a steam compressor to the expected high-temperature (pressure) steam. The key parameters of the heat pump for steam generation are ascertained and the subsequent optimization space is discussed. The results show that the proposed steam-generation path has clear performance advantages and potential for industrial steam generation, which could be a sustainable heating system for industry.

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“…n/s 65/200 [98] 2005 HFIP (13) [99] There were 13 alternative working fluid pairs investigated in the literature, divided into inorganic and organic refrigerants with TFE and HFIP as the only non-natural refrigerants. Except for CO2/Acetone and NH3/NaSCN, the applicable temperature range is always 200 °C or higher.…”

Section: Organic Refrigerantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the trend towards more efficient and environmentally friendly ways of providing thermal energy from available waste heat as usable heat for industrial applications, suitable HTHP solutions have been increasingly investigated in recent years [10,11]. Many advances have been accomplished within the heat pump technology, in particular at lower heat delivery temperatures but a few at high temperatures above 90 • C [12,13]. However, ongoing research is seeking to further increase the delivery temperatures, as great demand and utilization potential exists for high temperature applications up to 150 • C due to the prevailing industry conditions [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Existing Challenges and Future Trends for the Utilization of Ammonia-Water Absorption–Compression Heat Pumps at High Temperature Operation

et al. 2021

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Decarbonization of the industrial sector is one of the most important keys to reducing global warming. Energy demands and associated emissions in the industrial sector are continuously increasing. The utilization of high temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) operating with natural fluids presents an environmentally friendly solution with great potential to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions in industrial processes. Ammonia-water absorption–compression heat pumps (ACHPs) combine the technologies of an absorption and vapor compression heat pump using a zeotropic mixture of ammonia and water as working fluid. The given characteristics, such as the ability to achieve high sink temperatures with comparably large temperature lifts and high coefficient of performance (COP) make the ACHP interesting for utilization in various industrial high temperature applications. This work reviews the state of technology and identifies existing challenges based on conducted experimental investigations. In this context, 23 references with capacities ranging from 1.4 kW to 4500 kW are evaluated, achieving sink outlet temperatures from 45 °C to 115 °C and COPs from 1.4 to 11.3. Existing challenges are identified for the compressor concerning discharge temperature and lubrication, for the absorber and desorber design for operation and liquid–vapor mixing and distribution and the choice of solution pump. Recent developments and promising solutions are then highlighted and presented in a comprehensive overview. Finally, future trends for further studies are discussed. The purpose of this study is to serve as a starting point for further research by connecting theoretical approaches, possible solutions and experimental results as a resource for further developments of ammonia-water ACHP systems at high temperature operation.

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Large-scale heat pumps: Applications, performance, economic feasibility and industrial integration

Cited by 95 publications

References 52 publications

Integrated high temperature heat pumps and thermal storage tanks for combined heating and cooling in the industry

Integrated high temperature heat pumps and thermal storage tanks for combined heating and cooling in the industry

Analysis and Perspective on Heat Pump for Industrial Steam Generation

Identification of Existing Challenges and Future Trends for the Utilization of Ammonia-Water Absorption–Compression Heat Pumps at High Temperature Operation

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