This study investigates the integrated heat pump system of a green-field dairy located in Bergen, Norway. The purpose of the study is to determine the energy consumption and system performance. The dairy features a novel and innovative solution of a fully integrated energy system, employing high temperature heat pumps such as the hybrid absorption-compression heat pump (HACHP) with natural refrigerants to provide all temperature levels of heating and cooling demands. To evaluate the performance an energy analysis has been performed based on available process data for a comparatively energy-intensive week in February. The results have shown that the integrated system is able to meet the occurring demands. Furthermore, the specific energy consumption with 0.22 kWh l − 1 product can outperform the annual average value of the replaced dairy even under difficult conditions. However, it is expected that the specific energy consumption will be further reduced on an annual basis. Through measures such as the extensive use of waste heat recovery accounting for 32.7% of the energy used, energy consumption was reduced by 37.9% and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by up to 91.7% compared to conventional dairy systems. Simultaneous, the process achieves a waste heat recovery rate of over 95%. Furthermore, demand peaks were compensated and a system coefficient of performance (COP) of 4.1 was achieved along with the identification of existing potential for further improvements.
Vinyl chloride monomer production coupled with chlor-alkali electrolysis is an industrial process that requires high temperature process heat. One option for providing this process heat in a decarbonized energy system is with either green or blue hydrogen. The demand for hydrogen with low CO2 intensity will increase with emission restrictions, and the potential for industrial demand response will rise with higher shares of variable renewables in the electricity grid. However, knowledge regarding how the different hydrogen types affect the costs of industrial processes and their flexibility potential is scarce. Hence, we apply a cost-optimization model to assess the decarbonization of the heating process, and the flexibility of the process depending on the hydrogen source. We find that the ability to switch between both green and blue hydrogen is beneficial for the industrial actor, and that the flexibility is highest with an equal share of green and blue hydrogen.
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