Large-scale brain systems in ADHD: beyond the prefrontal–striatal model

Castellanos, F. Xavier; Proal, Erika

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.007

Cited by 601 publications

(591 citation statements)

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“…According to current network models of ADHD, DMN and TPNs are, respectively, specialized for introspective vs. extrospective orientations of attention (19,20). Individuals with ADHD are proposed to exhibit insufficient regulatory control over DMN (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to current theoretical models (19,20), inattention in ADHD involves altered competitive balance between (i) default network, an ICN implicated in internally directed mentation (21, 22); and (ii) several task-positive ICNs (TPNs), including dorsal attention network (DAN), ventral attention network (VAN), and frontoparietal network (FPN), which are involved in cognitively demanding externally focused processing. Consistent with these models, previous resting state fMRI studies in ADHD have reliably found abnormalities in functional connections within DMN (23,24) and in its interconnections with TPNs (25-27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lag in maturation of the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Sripada

Kessler

Angstadt

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

218

168

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood, and there is great interest in understanding its neurobiological basis. A prominent neurodevelopmental hypothesis proposes that ADHD involves a lag in brain maturation. Previous work has found support for this hypothesis, but examinations have been limited to structural features of the brain (e.g., gray matter volume or cortical thickness). More recently, a growing body of work demonstrates that the brain is functionally organized into a number of large-scale networks, and the connections within and between these networks exhibit characteristic patterns of maturation. In this study, we investigated whether individuals with ADHD (age 7.2-21.8 y) exhibit a lag in maturation of the brain's developing functional architecture. Using connectomic methods applied to a large, multisite dataset of resting state scans, we quantified the effect of maturation and the effect of ADHD at more than 400,000 connections throughout the cortex. We found significant and specific maturational lag in connections within default mode network (DMN) and in DMN interconnections with two task positive networks (TPNs): frontoparietal network and ventral attention network. In particular, lag was observed within the midline core of the DMN, as well as in DMN connections with right lateralized prefrontal regions (in frontoparietal network) and anterior insula (in ventral attention network). Current models of the pathophysiology of attention dysfunction in ADHD emphasize altered DMN-TPN interactions. Our finding of maturational lag specifically in connections within and between these networks suggests a developmental etiology for the deficits proposed in these models.resting state | connectomics | default network A ttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. One influential neurodevelopmental model of the disorder posits a lag in the maturational trajectories of key features of the brain (1-4). This model has mostly been investigated by examining developmental pathways of structural features of the brain (3,(5)(6)(7)(8). In recent years, however, theorists have increasingly used resting state functional MRI (fMRI)-scanning participants in a task-free resting state-to explore the brain's functional architecture. This work has led to the recognition that the human brain is organized into several large-scale intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), each associated with specific neurocognitive functions (9, 10). ICNs have been shown to undergo significant maturation from childhood to early adulthood, with individual ICNs exhibiting spatially specific reliable patterns of integration (increased connectivity with age) and segregation (decreased connectivity with age) with other ICNs (11-17). These advances raise possibilities for investigating maturational lag in ADHD in the developing ICN architecture of the brain (18).Independent lines of res...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lag in maturation of the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Sripada

Kessler

Angstadt

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

218

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, these network abnormalities are not the only factors responsible for ADHD; instead, they are only part of the pathophysiology of ADHD [36]. In order to fully characterize the disorder, a next step for neuroscience researchers in this area is to expand their investigation beyond dysfunction of prefrontal-striatal circuitry, to consider the large-scale neural systems involved in ADHD including frontoparietal, dorsal attentional, motor, visual, and default networks [33,37].…”

Section: Clinical Studies and Implications Of The Translational Prevementioning

confidence: 99%

A translational neuroscience perspective on mindfulness meditation as a prevention strategy

Tang

Leve

2015

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Mindfulness meditation research mainly focuses on psychological outcomes such as behavioral, cognitive, and emotional functioning. However, the neuroscience literature on mindfulness meditation has grown in recent years. This paper provides an overview of relevant neuroscience and psychological research on the effects of mindfulness meditation. We propose a translational prevention framework of mindfulness and its effects. Drawing upon the principles of prevention science, this framework integrates neuroscience and prevention research and postulates underlying brain regulatory mechanisms that explain the impact of mindfulness on psychological outcomes via self-regulation mechanisms linked to underlying brain systems. We conclude by discussing potential clinical and practice implications of this model and directions for future research.

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“…These circuits are known as the cognitive-attentional network, underlying important higher brain functions such as executive control, cognition, selective and divided attention, vigilance and working memory [38,39] . Restingstate [40] and cognitive [41,42] neuroimaging findings have consistently shown hypoactivity in these circuits in ADHD patients.…”

Section: Discusstion U S I N G T H E R E H O M E T H O D W E F O Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Local synchronization and amplitude of the fluctuation of spontaneous brain activity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state fMRI study

et al. 2013

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Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and the amplitude of low-frequency fl uctuation (ALFF) are two approaches to depicting different regional characteristics of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) data. Whether they can complementarily reveal brain regional functional abnormalities in attention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains unknown. In this study, we applied ReHo and ALFF to 23 medication-naïve boys diagnosed with ADHD and 25 age-matched healthy male controls using whole-brain voxel-wise analysis. Correlation analyses were conducted in the ADHD group to investigate the relationship between the regional spontaneous brain activity measured by the two approaches and the clinical symptoms of ADHD. We found that the ReHo method showed widely-distributed differences between the two groups in the fronto-cingulo-occipitocerebellar circuitry, while the ALFF method showed a difference only in the right occipital area. When a larger smoothing kernel and a more lenient threshold were used for ALFF, more overlapped regions were found between ALFF and ReHo, and ALFF even found some new regions with group differences. The ADHD symptom scores were correlated with the ReHo values in the right cerebellum, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and left lingual gyrus in the ADHD group, while no correlation was detected between ALFF and ADHD symptoms. In conclusion, ReHo may be more sensitive to regional abnormalities, at least in boys with ADHD, than ALFF. And ALFF may be complementary to ReHo in measuring local spontaneous activity. Combination of the two may yield a more comprehensive pathophy-siological framework for ADHD.

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Large-scale brain systems in ADHD: beyond the prefrontal–striatal model

Cited by 601 publications

References 97 publications

Lag in maturation of the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Lag in maturation of the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A translational neuroscience perspective on mindfulness meditation as a prevention strategy

Local synchronization and amplitude of the fluctuation of spontaneous brain activity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state fMRI study

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