“…Thus, the pyrene triplet state is involved in upconversion. In the absence of the sensitizer, upconversion absorption at a wavelength of 540 nm can be ascertained as pyrene aggregation, which may absorb light at longer wavelengths. , Furthermore, the upconverted excitation spectrum of pyrene in ACN is somewhat different from the absorption spectrum of pyrene in TZP, which indicates that multiple absorption moieties are present. Owing to the water in wet solvents and resulting pyrene aggregation, upconverted spectra were also observed for pyrene in solvents, such as water (H 2 O), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran [THF) (Figure S4 (left)].…”