Large phase modulation of THz wave via an enhanced resonant active HEMT metasurface

Zhang, Yaxin; Zhao, Yuncheng; Liang, Shixiong; Zhang, Bo; Wang, Lan; Zhou, Tianchi; Kou, Wei; Lan, Feng; Zeng, Hongxin; Han, Jiaguang; Feng, Zhihong; Chen, Qin; Mazumder, Pinaki; Yang, Ziqiang

doi:10.1515/nanoph-2018-0116

Cited by 91 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Although the structure has a certain ability to modulate the phase of the THz wave, its phase modulation range needs to be further improved. In 2018, Zhang et al [77] combined the enhanced resonant metallic structures and HEMT to achieve a large phase modulation, as shown in figure 4b. According to the Kramers-Kroenig (K-K) relationship, the amplitude and phase of a Overall, the 2DEG metasurface has gradually become a promising means to realize highperformance smart and controllable devices owing to the convenient grid-control, 2DEG characteristics and various resonances of the metasurface.…”

Section: (B) Two-dimensional Electron Gases Metasurfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz smart dynamic and active functional electromagnetic metasurfaces and their applications

Zhang

Zeng

Kou

et al. 2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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The demand for smart and multi-functional applications in the terahertz (THz) frequency band, such as for communication, imaging, spectroscopy, sensing and THz integrated circuits, motivates the development of novel active, controllable and informational devices for manipulating and controlling THz waves. Metasurfaces are planar artificial structures composed of thousands of unit cells or metallic structures, whose size is either comparable to or smaller than the wavelength of the illuminated wave, which can efficiently interact with the THz wave and exhibit additional degrees of freedom to modulate the THz wave. In the past decades, active metasurfaces have been developed by combining diode arrays, two-dimensional active materials, two-dimensional electron gases, phase transition material films and other such elements, which can overcome the limitations of conventional bulk materials and structures for applications in compact THz multi-functional antennas, diffractive devices, high-speed data transmission and high-resolution imaging. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the development of dynamic and active functional electromagnetic metasurfaces and their applications in the THz band in recent years. Different kinds of active metasurfaces are cited and introduced. We believe that, in the future, active metasurfaces will be combined with digitalization and coding to yield more intelligent metasurfaces, which can be used to realize smart THz wave beam scanning, automatic target recognition imaging, self-adaptive directional high-speed data transmission network, biological intelligent detection and other such applications. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advanced electromagnetic non-destructive evaluation and smart monitoring’.

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Section: (B) Two-dimensional Electron Gases Metasurfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz smart dynamic and active functional electromagnetic metasurfaces and their applications

Zhang

Zeng

Kou

et al. 2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…In 2018, Zhang et al performed large phase modulation by enhancing the resonance of an active HEMT metasurface [25], as shown in Figure 10a. According to the K-K relation, the relationship between the resonance intensity change and the phase jump change was investigated, and the results indicate that the stronger resonant intensity corresponds to the larger phase jump [9].…”

Section: Two-dimensional Electron Gas Metasurfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase of incident THz wave can shift by applying different voltages. Reproduced with permission from [25]. ( b ) Structure of the terahertz wave-front modulator.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of THz Modulators with Dynamic Tunable Metasurfaces

et al. 2019

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Terahertz (THz) radiation has received much attention during the past few decades for its potential applications in various fields, such as spectroscopy, imaging, and wireless communications. To use terahertz waves for data transmission in different application systems, the efficient and rapid modulation of terahertz waves is required and has become an in-depth research topic. Since the turn of the century, research on metasurfaces has rapidly developed, and the scope of novel functions and operating frequency ranges has been substantially expanded, especially in the terahertz range. The combination of metasurfaces and semiconductors has facilitated both new opportunities for the development of dynamic THz functional devices and significant achievements in THz modulators. This paper provides an overview of THz modulators based on different kinds of dynamic tunable metasurfaces combined with semiconductors, two-dimensional electron gas heterostructures, superconductors, phase-transition materials, graphene, and other 2D material. Based on the overview, a brief discussion with perspectives will be presented. We hope that this review will help more researchers learn about the recent developments and challenges of THz modulators and contribute to this field.

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“…As early as 2006, the combination of metamaterials and doped semiconductors realized the modulation of the terahertz wave transmission amplitude for the rst time 14 . Since then, various THz dynamic or tunable metamaterials have emerged to achieve effective manipulation of the THz wave amplitude and phase [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . In 2009, a composite metamaterial based on an n-doped GaAs layer was reported 22 , which achieved a phase modulation of 0.56 rad.…”

Section: Read Full License Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-precision digital terahertz phase manipulation within a multichannel field perturbation coding 2DEG meta-chip

Zeng

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Terahertz phase manipulation has always been based on direct coupling of the resonance of quasi-optical terahertz waves with metamaterials, which is accompanied by unnecessary amplitude modulation, thus limiting the accuracy of phase manipulation and its application in monolithic integrated systems. Here, we propose a coding meta-chip composed of transmission lines and two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) meta-atoms, wherein local perturbation resonances are induced to manipulate the phase of terahertz waves. By controlling the electronic transport characteristics of the 2DEG with external voltages, the intensity of the perturbation can be manipulated, which affects the transmission phase of the waves. More importantly, the perturbation resonances induced by different meta-atoms can be coupled so that through digital coding of the perturbation state of 2DEG meta-atoms, the terahertz wave transmission phase can be manipulated with high precision. As a result, phase manipulation with different precisions from 2° to 5° is observed from 0.26 to 0.27 THz, where the average phase error is only 0.36°, and the maximum root mean square of the transmittance is 0.36 dB. This high-precision phase manipulation via field coding has great application potential in the fields of beamforming, wireless communication, and high-resolution imaging.

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Large phase modulation of THz wave via an enhanced resonant active HEMT metasurface

Cited by 91 publications

References 56 publications

Terahertz smart dynamic and active functional electromagnetic metasurfaces and their applications

Terahertz smart dynamic and active functional electromagnetic metasurfaces and their applications

A Review of THz Modulators with Dynamic Tunable Metasurfaces

High-precision digital terahertz phase manipulation within a multichannel field perturbation coding 2DEG meta-chip

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