Large magnetoelectric effect in mechanically mediated structure of TbFe2, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, and nonmagnetic flakes

Abstract

Magnetoelectric ͑ME͒ effect has been studied in a structure of a magnetostrictive TbFe 2 alloy, two piezoelectric Pb͑Zr, Ti͒O 3 ͑PZT͒ ceramics, and two nonmagnetic flakes. The ME coupling originates from the magnetic-mechanical-electric transform of the magnetostrictive effect in TbFe 2 and the piezoelectric effect in PZT by end bonding, instead of interface bonding. Large ME coefficients of 10.5 and 9.9 V cm −1 Oe −1 were obtained at the first planar acoustic and third bending resonance frequencies, which are larger than that of conventional layered TbFe 2 / PZT composites. The results show that the large ME coupling can be achieved without interface coupling. © 2011 American Institute of Physics. ͓doi:10.1063/1.3574004͔Magnetoelectric ͑ME͒ materials have stimulated tremendous fundamental and practical interests due to their potential applications in the fields of sensors, actuators, and transducers. [1][2][3][4] Hereinto, layered ME composites exhibit excellent ME effect at room temperature compared to single phase materials and multiphase bulk composites. [5][6][7][8][9] The ME effect in layered ME composites is a product property of the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric effects. For most investigations on layered ME composites, the classical structure is laminated with layers by interface bonding. A magnetic field applied to the layered ME composites will induce strain in the magnetostrictive layer which is passed along to the piezoelectric layer by interface coupling, where it induces an electric polarization. 10 Therefore, the interface coupling is a key factor that determines the ME coupling of layered composites. 11 However, in practice, there is no ideal interface for layered ME composites, which reduces the ME coupling.Large ME effect is not limited to be produced by interface coupling between magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases, but will rather appear in the case when a magnetic force can mechanically act on a piezoelectric phase. Recently, the extrinsic ME effect was realized in multiphase magnet-piezoelectric composites which is not influenced by interface condition. [12][13][14][15] In this work, we report a large ME coupling obtained from a structure mechanically mediated by a stretching force and made up of a magnetostrictive TbFe 2 flake, two piezoelectric Pb͑Zr, Ti͒O 3 ͑PZT͒ flakes, and two nonmagnetic flakes. The proposed structure features an improved stretching stress coupling between the TbFe 2 and PZT flakes. And it is simple and more similar to the classical one than the multiphase magnet-piezoelectric composites, 12-15 which is advantageous for practical applications.The proposed ME structure, as shown in Fig. 1͑a͒, is made up of a magnetostrictive TbFe 2 flake, two piezoelectric PZT flakes, and two nonmagnetic ͑glass͒ flakes. The TbFe 2 flake was prepared by arc melting under argon atmosphere with dimensions of 15ϫ 6 ϫ 3.5 mm 3 ͑l ϫ w ϫ t͒. The commercial PZT flakes were sliced with dimensions of 15ϫ 6 ϫ 0.6 mm 3 and polarized along the thickness direction. Their dielectric, piez...

Effects of hysteresis and temperature on magnetoelectric effect in giant magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composites

“…Many experiments have already been conducted to study the influence factors on the ME effect of 2-2 laminated composites. The experimental researches are mainly shown in the following aspects: (1) changing the thickness ratio (Chen et al, 2013;Fang et al, 2011), the geometry size and the shape of components (Pan et al, 2008(Pan et al, , 2009); (2) changing the component of ME composites (Dong et al, 2003(Dong et al, , 2004a(Dong et al, , 2005; (3) selecting different methods of the samples fabrication Hao et al, 2013;Pan et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2012a); (4) designing the ME composites by different bonding ways (Bi et al, 2011(Bi et al, , 2013Lu et al, 2013a); (5) changing the experimental conditions, such as the forms of applied magnetic field, temperature, or the static and dynamic response mode (Burdin et al, 2014;Fang et al, 2012; et al, 2012a). Those experimental results show that all the factors include characteristic of structure itself, material parameters, constraint conditions, experimental conditions and so on, which may affect the ME response of ME composites.…”

Enhanced bending-resonance magnetoelectric response in end-bonding magnetostrictive/piezoelectric heterostructure

“…Some investigations aim to increase the ME effects of the composites [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. A bilayer composite operating in the bending vibration mode has a lower resonance frequency than a composite operating in the length vibration mode, which enables a lower eddy current loss [12][13][14].…”

Experimental Investigation of the Magnetoelectric Effect in NdFeB-Driven A-Line Shape Terfenol-D/PZT-5A Structures

“…Because the elongation of the ferroelectric layer is not directly produced by the applied electric field but instead driven by the ferromagnetic layer, the interface coupling between the two phases becomes the key factor for an enhanced ME effect [34]. In order to reduce the influence of interface properties on the magnetoelectric response, many novel magnetoelectric structures are designed and prepared [34,35,36,37,38,39]. For example, Bi et al made the magnetic material into a groove and placed the piezoelectric layer in the groove.…”