Large increases in Arctic biogenic volatile emissions are a direct effect of warming

Kramshøj, Magnus; Vedel-Petersen, Ida; Schollert, Michelle; Rinnan, Åsmund; Nymand, Josephine; Ro‐Poulsen, H.; Rinnan, Riikka

doi:10.1038/ngeo2692

Cited by 84 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Although vegetation is extremely sparse at these latitudes (Fig. 1), a source of precursor VOCs from high Arctic vegetation cannot be excluded because some plants have been shown to be sources (46). The oxidation of these precursor VOCs could then give rise to the OVOCs we observe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Microlayer source of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the summertime marine Arctic boundary layer

Mungall

Abbatt

Wentzell

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

141

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Summertime Arctic shipboard observations of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) such as organic acids, key precursors of climatically active secondary organic aerosol (SOA), are consistent with a novel source of OVOCs to the marine boundary layer via chemistry at the sea surface microlayer. Although this source has been studied in a laboratory setting, organic acid emissions from the sea surface microlayer have not previously been observed in ambient marine environments. Correlations between measurements of OVOCs, including high levels of formic acid, in the atmosphere (measured by an online highresolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer) and dissolved organic matter in the ocean point to a marine source for the measured OVOCs. That this source is photomediated is indicated by correlations between the diurnal cycles of the OVOC measurements and solar radiation. In contrast, the OVOCs do not correlate with levels of isoprene, monoterpenes, or dimethyl sulfide. Results from box model calculations are consistent with heterogeneous chemistry as the source of the measured OVOCs. As sea ice retreats and dissolved organic carbon inputs to the Arctic increase, the impact of this source on the summer Arctic atmosphere is likely to increase. Globally, this source should be assessed in other marine environments to quantify its impact on OVOC and SOA burdens in the atmosphere, and ultimately on climate.Arctic | chemical ionization mass spectrometry | oxygenated volatile organic compounds | sea surface microlayer | marine boundary layer

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Microlayer source of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the summertime marine Arctic boundary layer

Mungall

Abbatt

Wentzell

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

141

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“…Plant‐emitted biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) have been extensively studied and the regional and global estimates of plant BVOC emissions are used as key drivers for atmospheric chemistry models to study the impacts of terrestrial BVOCs on the climate system (Guenther et al, ). Soil‐related BVOC emissions could also contribute to ecosystem emissions and thereby impact atmospheric chemistry (Kramshøj et al, ; Mochizuki et al, ; Nölscher et al, ), but they have been less well studied than plant emissions. BVOCs can be released through microbial decomposition of plant residues or soil organic carbon (SOC; Aaltonen et al, ; Insam & Seewald, ; Leff & Fierer, ; Stahl & Parkin, ), evaporation of litter‐stored BVOCs (Aaltonen et al, ) and other physical processes (e.g., desorption from leaf litter tissue (Warneke et al, ) and from soil organic matter (Bachy et al, ; Schade & Custer, )).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Understanding of Soil BVOC Fluxes in Natural Ecosystems: A Review

Tang

Schurgers

Rinnan

2019

Reviews of Geophysics

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Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) can be released from soils to the atmosphere through microbial decomposition of plant residues or soil organic carbon, root emission, evaporation of litter‐stored BVOCs, and other physical processes. Soils can also act as a sink of BVOCs through biotic and abiotic uptake. Currently, the source and sink capabilities of soils have not been explicitly accounted for in global BVOC estimates from the terrestrial biosphere. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of soil BVOC processes and aim to propose a generic framework for modelling soil BVOCs based on current understanding and data availability. To achieve this target, we start by reviewing measured sources and sinks of soil BVOCs and summarize commonly reported compounds. Next, we strive to disentangle the drivers for the underlying biotic and abiotic processes. We have ranked the list of compounds, known to be emitted from soils, based on our current understanding of how each process controls emission and uptake. We then present a modelling framework to describe soil BVOC emissions. The proposed framework is an important step toward initializing modelling exercises related to soil BVOC fluxes. Finally, we also provide suggestions for measurements needed to separate individual processes, as well as explore long‐term and large‐scale patterns in soil BVOC fluxes.

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“…In particular, tracers of isoprene, terpene, and fatty acid oxidation have been detected in summer aerosol at several Arctic sites, including Alert, Nunavut; Station Nord, Greenland; and Zeppelin, Svalbard [Fu et al, 2009;Kawamura et al, 2012;Fu et al, 2013;Hansen et al, 2014]. Sources of gas phase precursors to SOA are poorly characterized in Arctic summer but could include Arctic terrestrial [Schollert et al, 2014;Kramshoj et al, 2016] and marine emissions [Willis et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2017;Mungall et al, 2017].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for marine biogenic influence on summertime Arctic aerosol

Willis

Köllner

Burkart

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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We present vertically resolved observations of aerosol composition during pristine summertime Arctic background conditions. The methansulfonic acid (MSA)‐to‐sulfate ratio peaked near the surface (mean 0.10), indicating a contribution from ocean‐derived biogenic sulfur. Similarly, the organic aerosol (OA)‐to‐sulfate ratio increased toward the surface (mean 2.0). Both MSA‐to‐sulfate and OA‐to‐sulfate ratios were significantly correlated with FLEXPART‐WRF‐predicted air mass residence time over open water, indicating marine‐influenced OA. External mixing of sea salt aerosol from a larger number fraction of organic, sulfate, and amine‐containing particles, together with low wind speeds (median 4.7 m s−1), suggests a role for secondary organic aerosol formation. Cloud condensation nuclei concentrations were nearly constant (∼120 cm−3) when the OA fraction was <60% and increased to 350 cm−3 when the organic fraction was larger and residence times over open water were longer. Our observations illustrate the importance of marine‐influenced OA under Arctic background conditions, which are likely to change as the Arctic transitions to larger areas of open water.

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Large increases in Arctic biogenic volatile emissions are a direct effect of warming

Cited by 84 publications

References 33 publications

Microlayer source of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the summertime marine Arctic boundary layer

Microlayer source of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the summertime marine Arctic boundary layer

Process Understanding of Soil BVOC Fluxes in Natural Ecosystems: A Review

Evidence for marine biogenic influence on summertime Arctic aerosol

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