Large Eddy Simulation of stack effect on natural smoke exhausting effect in urban road tunnel fires

A numerical study on upstream maximum temperature in inclined urban road tunnel fires

“…FDS is developed by NIST and it has been regarded as a practical tool for simulating fire-induced environment as it solves numerically a set of the Navier-Stokes equations for thermally-driven flow [23]. A description of the model, many validation examples, and a bibliography of related papers and reports may be found in http://fire.nist.gov/fds/ [23].…”

“…A description of the model, many validation examples, and a bibliography of related papers and reports may be found in http://fire.nist.gov/fds/ [23]. FDS includes both DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation) model and LES (Large Eddy Simulation) model.…”

Influence of cross-sectional area and aspect ratio of shaft on natural ventilation in urban road tunnel

“…It is recommended by McGrattan et al [16] that the value of D Ã =dx should be in the range of 4 to 16. The HRR was fixed as 5 MW representing a common car fire [18]. Then the grid size of the finest mesh for the 5 MW fire was calculated to be between 0.1 m and 0.5 m.…”

“…The software package, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) [16], a LES code coupling with a postprocessing visualization tool, SMOKEVIEW, developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA, could now be regarded as a practical tool for simulating fire-induced environment. The model has been subjected to numerous validations, calibrations and studies on the temperature and velocity fields in fires [17][18][19][20]. These researches have justified that FDS is a valid tool to model the fire-induced smoke flow in tunnels.…”

Studies on Smoke Temperature Distribution in a Building Corridor Based on Reduced-scale Experiments

“…Although there are many problems in using computational fluid dynamics CFD, it can be applied to predict macroscopic flow parameters (Qu and Chow, 2012). By using CFD, research has been conducted on the density jump (Qu and Chow, 2012), smoke control (Weng et al, 2014), critical ventilation velocity (Hwang and Edwards, 2015), stack effects on natural ventilation (Ji et al, 2013), and slope influence (Ballesteros-Tajadura et al, 2006) in a tunnel fire.…”