Large-Deformation Failure Mechanism and Stability Control of a Swelling Soft Rock Roadway in a Sea Area: A Case Study in Eastern China

Liu, Dong; Wang, Dong; Sun, Xiaoming; Jiang, Yujing; Luan, Hengjie; Xu, Huichen; Li, Baocheng; Feng, Cai

doi:10.3390/su15065323

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Currently, coal remains the primary energy source for meeting China's energy requirements, a position unlikely to change in the foreseeable future [1]. With the deepening of mining operations, deep soft rock mines encounter persistent high stress and multiple hazardous environments, posing significant threats to the safe extraction of coal resources [2][3][4]. The Ordos Basin, located in the western region of northern China, boasts substantial coal reserves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Fractal Damage and Acoustic Emissions of Soft Rock–Coal Combinations in a Deep Mining Area

Liang,

Wang,

Jiang

et al. 2023

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Weakly cemented soft rock mines in the Ordos Basin are susceptible to mining disasters, including roof collapse and substantial deformation of surrounding rocks, during coal mining operations. Researching the damage characteristics of structures composed of low-strength “soft rock–coal” combinations is crucial for effectively preventing and controlling disasters in deep soft rock mining. To investigate the fractal damage characteristics of soft rock–coal combinations with different height ratios, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on specimens containing soft rock percentages of 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 80%. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the soft rock–coal combinations increased with increasing proportions of soft rock. The soft rock–coal combination was clearly segmented, and the 40%, 50%, and 60% soft rock–coal combinations had good self-similarity. The fractal dimensions were 2.374, 2.508 and 2.586, which are all within the interval [2, 3]. When the percentage of soft rock was 20%, the specimen damage yielded flaky coal bodies with smaller grain size, whereas the coal–rock interface was spalled by small conical rock bodies. As the soft rock proportion increased, the percentage mass of fragments with particle size greater than 20 mm increased from 83.34% to 94.15%. The failure mode in soft rock–coal combinations is primarily attributed to the partial tensile splitting of the coal body. As the proportion of soft rock increased, there was a gradual reduction in the extent of coal body damage. Moreover, the acoustic emission absolute energies and counts decreased as the proportion of soft rock increased. The acoustic emission energy was reduced from 2.46 × 109 attoJ to 3.41 × 108 attoJ, and the acoustic emission counts were reduced from 18,276 to 7852.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Fractal Damage and Acoustic Emissions of Soft Rock–Coal Combinations in a Deep Mining Area

Liang,

Wang,

Jiang

et al. 2023

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“…Wang et al [29] revealed the phenomenon, and nature and the factors contributing to substantial deformation in deep soft rock roadways were investigated, leading to the proposition of appropriate measures for supporting the infrastructure. Dong et al [30] conducted a comprehensive examination into the mechanical characteristics and causative factors of damage in expanding soft rock roadways. Liu et al [31] and Liu et al [32] used CT scanning technology to study the damage information and damage process of sandstone under pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Dry and Water-Saturated Soft Rocks under Different Dynamic Loadings

Chen,

Wang,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Studying how soft rocks behave dynamically in water-rich settings is vital for ensuring sustainable coal extraction from deep water-saturated soft rock mines. A dynamic disturbance loading system utilizing creep-impact dynamics was employed to analyze the mechanical traits and acoustic emission behaviors of both dry and fully saturated soft rock. Expanding on uniaxial compression tests as a foundational framework, additional experiments involving dynamic disturbances and acoustic emission observations were carried out on the aforementioned soft rock samples. These experiments encompassed a spectrum of cyclic disturbance amplitudes ranging from 2 kN to 10 kN. Experimental results indicated the following: (1) during dynamic disturbance, the hysteresis loop exhibits a “sparse to dense” variation. When subjected to the same number of disturbances, the hysteresis loop takes on a pointed leaf-like shape, which increases with the amplitude of the disturbances. (2) The pinnacle of intensity and the elastic modulus of the samples, when exposed to diverse amplitudes of disturbances, can be categorized into a strengthening phase and weakening phase. The reinforcement effect is highest for both samples under the effect of a perturbation of 4 amplitudes. (3) Under the action of disturbances at various amplitudes, the acoustic emission signals from the samples can be classified into four stages. In all stages, the maximum acoustic emission signals exhibited by the desiccated samples surpass those emanated from the saturated samples. In the fluctuation period (II), dry and saturated samples exhibit a cyclic strengthening effect, which becomes more pronounced as the amplitude increases. The study results offer theoretical support for understanding deformation and instability mechanisms in roadways of deep water-saturated soft rock mines, which is essential for ensuring sustainable coal resource development.

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Experimental study on the damage characteristics of cyclic disturbance and acoustic emission characteristics of different types of sandstones under high stress in deep mines

Jiang,

Liang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Deep Underground Science and Engineering

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Three sandstone specimens common in rock engineering were selected to study the differences in the mechanical properties of rocks with different lithologies. The development and expansion of the internal cracks in the specimens were observed by combining the simulation system with the acoustic emission system. Through the combination of dynamic and static stresses, the deformation and damage of rocks under deep rock excavation and blasting were simulated. As the results show, the acoustic emission events of specimens with different lithologies under combined static and dynamic cyclic loading can be roughly divided into three phases: weakening, stabilizing, and surging periods. In addition, the acoustic emission characteristics of specimens with different lithologies show general consistency in different compression phases. The degree of fragmentation of specimens increases with the applied stress level; therefore, the stress level is one of the important factors influencing the damage pattern of specimens. The acoustic emission system was used to simulate the deformation and damage of rocks subjected to deep rock body excavation and engineering blasting. Cyclic dynamic perturbations under sinusoidal waves with a frequency of 5 Hz, a loading rate of 0.1 mm/min, a cyclic amplitude of 5 MPa, and a loading rate of 0.1 mm/min were applied to the three rock samples during the experiments. Among them, the fine‐grained sandstones are the most sensitive to the sinusoidal cyclic perturbation, followed by the muddy siltstone and the medium‐grained sandstones. On this basis, the acoustic emission energy release characteristics were analyzed, and the waveform characteristics in the damage evolution of the specimen under dynamic perturbation were studied by extracting the key points and searching for the main frequency eigenvalues.

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Large-Deformation Failure Mechanism and Stability Control of a Swelling Soft Rock Roadway in a Sea Area: A Case Study in Eastern China

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluating Fractal Damage and Acoustic Emissions of Soft Rock–Coal Combinations in a Deep Mining Area

Evaluating Fractal Damage and Acoustic Emissions of Soft Rock–Coal Combinations in a Deep Mining Area

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Dry and Water-Saturated Soft Rocks under Different Dynamic Loadings

Experimental study on the damage characteristics of cyclic disturbance and acoustic emission characteristics of different types of sandstones under high stress in deep mines

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