Large aperture harmonic conversion experiments at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Linford, Gary J.; Johnson, B. C.; Hildum, J. S.; Martin, W.; Snyder, Kendra; Boyd, Robert; Smith, W. L.; Vercimak, C. L.; Eimerl, D.; Hunt, John T.

doi:10.1364/ao.21.003633

Cited by 66 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Detuning the doubler to achieve fundamental and harmonic photon balance at the tripler input made it possible to produce 50 J of UV light out of 60 J of infrared with broad angular acceptance. The measured 85% overall infrared to ultraviolet conversion efficiency compares well to the highest conversion efficiencies reported todate in DKDP in single-shot régime [6][7][8].…”

Section: Demonstration Of High-energy Frequency Triplingsupporting

confidence: 68%

Frequency doubling and tripling for future fusion drivers

et al. 2011

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Very-high average power frequency conversion is a key issue regarding laser driven inertial confinement fusion reactors. The merits of common non-linear crystals are discussed. The potential of lithium triborate is demonstrated by frequency doubling 235 J of infrared radiation at 1053 nm with 92% conversion efficiency. We also report on third harmonic generation of 360 J of ultraviolet at 351 nm with 80% efficiency.Laser driven fusion is an attractive, environmentally clean long-term energy source. Net energy production from inertial confinement fusion has already been demonstrated in the 1980s in an offshoot of the United-States defence mission. Demonstration of net energy production using a laser is now anticipated within months on the National Ignition Facility. Moving from this scientific proof of principle stage to a commercial reactor, has been made feasible by recent evidence supporting a revolutionary approach to laser-driven fusion, in which an order-of-magnitude reduction in the scale of the drive laser seems achievable.Optimisation of this so-called "fast ignition" approach, requiring hundreds of kilojoules of green (wavelength ≈530 nm) picosecond laser pulses and hundreds of kilojoules of ultraviolet (wavelength ≈350 nm) nanosecond pulses, will be a principal goal of HiPER [1]. This will pave the way for the development of an integrated reactor programme, operating at high repetition rate (up to 10 Hz) suitable for commercial exploitation [2].Scaling up repetition rate and average-power need a new design of laser amplifiers, with typical 10-15 cm apertures to ease thermal management. Efficient high-average power frequency doubling and tripling of kilojoule beamlines is also one of the critical issues related to the design of such commercial drivers.Deuterated dihydrogen potassium phosphate (KD 2 PO 4 alias DKDP) is currently the only frequency tripling crystal that can be grown in suitable size. However it is worth considering alternative materials that better accommodate for aberrated fundamental beams and combine better intrinsic thermo-optical properties regarding high-average power frequency conversion. With larger tolerances, substitutes for DKDP ease the design of the laser chain, resulting in huge cost saving in optical machining, cooling, and system availability. Enhanced conversion efficiency has an impact on the size and cost of the whole laser system. Advantages of lithium triborateLithium triborate (LiB 3 O 5 alias LBO) exhibits better characteristics than DKDP for high average power frequency conversion. Smaller optical absorption (two orders of magnitude), larger thermal conductivity (3×)and better tolerance to temperature (4× for frequency tripling) result in a three order of magnitude enhancement of average power figure of merit. Higher nonlinearity (2×) makes it possible to reduce material thickness which, combined with smaller optical birefringence, results in ten-fold enhancement regarding tolerance to misalignement and beam aberrations. Surface and volume resistance of LBO to optic...

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Section: Demonstration Of High-energy Frequency Triplingsupporting

confidence: 68%

Frequency doubling and tripling for future fusion drivers

et al. 2011

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“…The most commonly applied of these crystals is KD2P04 (KD*P), which is widely used to generate the second, third, fo urth, and fifth harmonics of 1.06 f.1m radiation (130). Very high peak and average powers, as are important fo r laser fusion applications, have been generated taking advan tage of the low losses and large apertures available (131). SHG (132) and SFG (133) are widely used with dye lasers to extend tuning ranges into the UV.…”

Section: Kd P and Homologuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Crystals for Nonlinear Optical Frequency Conversion

Bordui¹,

Fejer²

1993

Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci.

129

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“…Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , i.e., ADP) crystals and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 , i.e., KDP) crystals are well-known multifunctional crystal representatives of the phosphate family and widely used in frequency conversion for coherent radiation of high-power lasers such as second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), and fourth harmonic generation (FHG) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Nowadays, noncritical phase-matching (NCPM) fourth harmonic generation (FHG) of a 1053 nm Nd:glass laser and a 1064 nm Nd:YAG crystal laser were most concentrated in deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals, which attracted lots of attention on the drivers in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facilities [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneity of large rapidly grown ADP crystals

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

Mater. Res. Express

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DKDP crystal is a type of well-known excellent nonlinear optical material that can be used as 2ω, 3ω, and even 4ω harmonic converters. Compared to DKDP crystal, ADP has a larger nonlinear optical coefficient and higher laser damage threshold, so a larger energy and higher conversion efficiency can be expected from ADP crystals. In this paper, a high-quality ADP crystal (118×137×160 mm) was grown through point-seed rapid growth method within one month. The corresponding optical properties and homogeneity for noncritical phase-matching fourth harmonic generation were investigated. For the ADP sample with cross-section of 110×110 mm, the obtained homogeneity noncritical phase-matching temperature is 0.13°C, which is superior to a DKDP crystal with the same growth parameters. Moreover, UV transmittance property of various thicknesses for ADP crystals was also explored. The transmittance at 263 nm is 88% and decreased 0.36% per millimeter. This result is much lower than the 0.63% for the DKDP crystal in the same thickness range. These results indicate ADP crystals are very promising candidates for noncritical phase-matching fourth harmonic generation.

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Large aperture harmonic conversion experiments at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Cited by 66 publications

References 12 publications

Frequency doubling and tripling for future fusion drivers

Frequency doubling and tripling for future fusion drivers

Inorganic Crystals for Nonlinear Optical Frequency Conversion

Homogeneity of large rapidly grown ADP crystals

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